This refers to making tea outdoors, or a tea ceremony held outdoors. In the old days, outdoor play in the mountains and fields was called nogake, so outdoor tea was called nokakecha. It was also called "fusube chanoyu" (tea ceremony with tea leaves) because people found it interesting to smoke pine needles, boil water, and make tea. The first tea ceremony is usually said to have taken place at Mt. Daizenji (Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture), described in the Nanpo Roku. In 1587 (Tensho 15), Sen no Rikyu, who accompanied Toyotomi Hideyoshi on his expedition to subjugate the Shimazu clan, held a tea ceremony at Mt. Daizenji and in the pine grove of Hakozaki (Hakozaki, Fukuoka City). Hideyoshi praised Rikyu highly for the way Rikyu gathered up the pine needles to boil the water, and for the sound of the pine wind and the rising smoke. Rikyu warned against outdoor activities becoming mere outdoor play, and taught that both the host and the guest should place the utmost importance on purity and innocence, and that since it was outdoors, the guests' attention would easily be drawn to the surrounding scenery, it was important to make an effort to draw their attention to the tea. Furthermore, because there are no set rules for outdoor tea ceremony, it was strictly required that both the ceremony and the utensils be more strict than the set rules. The kama for outdoor tea ceremony is hung by chains from a pine branch or by connecting three bamboo stalks together, and portable items such as travel chests, tanzaku boxes, tea boxes, and chakago tea baskets, which contain a compact set of tea utensils, have been used. In modern times, the heads of each school have favored tate-rei shelves, which they have used to devise ways to perform the ceremony outdoors. In any case, the enjoyment of outdoor tea ceremony lies in each person's ingenuity and ingenuity in coming up with ideas for outdoor tea ceremony. [Kouichi Tsutsui] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
屋外で茶を点(た)てること、または野外で行われる茶会のこと。古くは野山に出て遊ぶ野遊びのことを野がけ(懸)と称したため、野点のことを野懸茶といった。また松葉などを燻(ふす)べて湯を沸かし、茶を点てる風情に興趣を感じたところから「ふすべ茶の湯」とも称した。 その最初は、通常、『南方録(なんぽうろく)』に記述される大善寺山(福岡県久留米(くるめ)市)での茶会とされる。それは1587年(天正15)島津氏征伐に出かけた豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の供をした千利休(せんのりきゅう)が、大善寺山と箱崎の松原(福岡市箱崎)で茶会を催したというもので、松葉をかき寄せてさわさわと湯を沸かし、松風の声、煙の立ち上る体(てい)がおもしろいとして、秀吉は、そのときの利休の働きを大いに褒めたたえたという。利休は、野懸を、単なる野遊びになることを戒め、主客がともに清廉潔白を第一とし、野外であるため客の目が周辺の景に移りやすいので、茶のほうへ心を向けるよう作意することがたいせつであるということを心得として説いた。また野点には定法がないから、点前(てまえ)・道具ともに定法以上の重い法があるということを厳しく求めた。野点の釜(かま)は松の枝から鎖で吊(つ)ったり、3本竹を組んで吊ったりして、茶器一式がコンパクトに収められた旅箪笥(たびだんす)、短冊箱(たんざくばこ)、茶箱(ちゃばこ)、茶籠(ちゃかご)などの携帯用のものを使ってきた。近代に入ってからは、各流儀の家元が立礼(りゅうれい)棚を好み、それを使って野外で点前ができるように工夫されている。ともあれ、各自が創意・工夫をしながら、野外での茶の趣向を凝らすことが野点の茶の楽しみとなっている。 [筒井紘一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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