It is one of the five districts of Greater Istanbul (→Istanbul), located at the northwestern tip of Turkey's Asian landmass. In ancient times it was called Chrysopolis. It faces Istanbul across the Bosphorus. In the 14th century it became part of the Ottoman Empire and was used as a base for offensives against Asian territories. Until the construction of the Anatolian Railway at the end of the 19th century, it was the terminus of caravan routes from Syria and other Asian countries. The city has a typical Turkish townscape, with a mosque built by architect Mimar Sinan in 1548, the great barracks of Selim III, and the hospital where Florence Nightingale worked during the Crimean War. The cemetery contains the graves of 8,000 British soldiers who died in the Crimean War. At the southern end is the starting station of the Istanbul-Baghdad railway. It is connected to the Istanbul area by ferry and to the Beyoglu area by the Bosphorus Bridge. Population: 401,398 (1990 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
トルコのアジア側の陸地の西北端,大イスタンブール(→イスタンブール)の 5地区の一つ。古代ではクリュソポリスと呼ばれた。ボスポラス海峡を挟んでイスタンブールに対している。14世紀にはオスマン帝国領となり,アジア側の領土に対する攻勢拠点とされ,また 19世紀末のアナトリア鉄道の敷設までは,シリアやアジア諸国からの隊商の道の終着地であった。市内には 1548年に建築家ミマール・シナンによって建てられたモスク,セリム3世の大兵営,クリミア戦争でフローレンス・ナイチンゲールが活躍した病院などがあり,典型的なトルコ風の町並みである。共同墓地にはクリミア戦争で戦死したイギリス兵 8000人の墓もある。南端にイスタンブール-バグダード鉄道始発駅がある。イスタンブール地区とはフェリー,ベイオール地区とはボスポラス海峡橋で結ばれる。人口 40万1398(1990推計)。
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