Also called the pituitary gland or hypophysis. An endocrine gland that hangs down below the diencephalon in vertebrates. It consists of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, which have different origins. In humans, it is contained in a depression (sella turcica) on the upper surface of the center of the sphenoid bone, and is connected to the hypothalamus in the diencephalon by a thin stalk. The adenohypophysis arises from a protrusion of the pharyngeal epithelium and consists of anterior, intermediate, and distal lobes. The anterior lobe secretes six anterior lobe hormones, including growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, and the intermediate lobe secretes melanophore-stimulating hormone. The neurohypophysis is a nerve tissue that protrudes from the diencephalon and consists of the infundibulum and posterior lobe. Both have the function of storing and secreting hormones produced in the hypothalamus, with the infundibulum secreting anterior hormone-releasing hormone and the posterior lobe secreting oxytocin and vasopressin. → Related topics Hypothyroidism | Pigment cells | Hypothalamus | Endocrine disorders | Endocrine glands | Diabetes insipidus | Human growth hormone Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
下垂体,下生体とも。脊椎動物の間脳の下にたれ下がる内分泌腺。由来を異にする腺下垂体と神経下垂体とからなる。ヒトでは蝶(ちょう)形骨中央の上面にあるくぼみ(トルコ鞍(くら))に入っていて,間脳の視床下部から細い柄でつながる。腺下垂体は咽頭(いんとう)上皮の突起から生じたもので,前葉,中葉,隆起葉からなり,前葉は成長ホルモン,卵胞刺激ホルモンなど6種の前葉ホルモン,中葉は黒色素胞刺激ホルモンを分泌する。神経下垂体は間脳から突出した神経組織で,漏斗(ろうと)と後葉からなる。いずれも視床下部でつくられたホルモンを貯留・分泌する機能をもち,漏斗は前葉ホルモン放出ホルモンを,後葉はオキシトシンとバソプレシンを分泌する。 →関連項目甲状腺機能低下症|色素細胞|視床下部|内分泌疾患|内分泌腺|尿崩症|ヒト成長ホルモン 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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