Noh flute

Japanese: 能管 - のうかん

A type of Japanese instrument. A wind instrument used in Noh music, and also in Kabuki music. It has almost the same shape and structure as the Ryuteki flute of Gagaku, but the length of the tube and the spacing of the finger holes are not fixed. It is a transverse bamboo flute with seven finger holes, but several short tubes are connected, wrapped in birch or rattan, and secured with lacquer, and the inside and around the holes are painted with vermilion lacquer. Beeswax is stuffed into the junction between the mouthpiece and the head of the tube, which adjusts the sound. The finger holes are usually called Kan, Go, Jo, Shaku, Chu, Roku, and Shimo from the closest to the mouthpiece, but the tuning is not fixed. It has a kind of atonal character, so even when playing the same melody form, the actual sound varies greatly depending on the style and individual differences. Even with the same finger hole opening, two types of sounds, Seme and Fukura, can be produced, but they do not necessarily cover an octave. It can also produce a special high, sharp, and strong sound called hishigi. These characteristics come from the fact that a short bamboo tube called a "nodo" is inserted between the mouthpiece and the finger hole closest to the mouthpiece. Melodies are composed from typical patterns, and the basic phrases that appear in the dance parts of Noh include the combination of ro, ro-no-chu, kan, and kan-no-chu, and when these are repeated, they are called "ji." There are several Noh schools, including the Morita school and the Isso school.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日本の楽器の一種。能の囃子に用いられる管楽器で，歌舞伎の囃子にも用いる。雅楽の竜笛 (りゅうてき) とほぼ同じ形態，構造であるが，管長および指孔の間隔が不定。指穴は7穴の竹製の横笛であるが，いくつかの短い管をつないで，樺 (かば) または籐 (とう) で巻いて漆で留め，内側と穴の周囲は朱漆を塗る。管内の歌口と頭部の境目に蜜ろうを詰め，これによって音を調節。指穴は歌口に近いほうから，普通，干 (かん) ，五，上，夕 (しゃく) ，中，六，下と呼ぶが，その音律は不定。一種の無調音的な性格もあって，同じ旋律の形を演奏しても，流儀，個人差によって実際の音の異同がはなはだしい。同じ指孔の開け方でも，セメ，フクラの2種の音が出せるが，必ずしもオクターブとはならない。また，ヒシギという特殊な高く鋭く強い音を出すことができる。これらの特色は歌口と歌口にいちばん近い指穴の管内部に「喉 (のど) 」という短い竹管が差込まれていることから生じる。旋律は類型的なパターンから組合され，能の舞の部分に現れる基本的なフレーズに，呂，呂ノ中，干，干ノ中の組合せがあり，これが繰返されたものを「地」という。能における流儀に，森田流，一噌流 (いっそうりゅう) などがある。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Brain stem

>>: Pituitary gland - Pituitary gland