Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam

Japanese: ベーコン（英語表記）Bacon， Francis， Baron Verulam
Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam
Born: January 22, 1561, London
Died: April 9, 1626. Highgate. British philosopher. Founder of modern British empiricism. After studying at Cambridge University, he went to Paris, but returned to the United States after his father's death and became a member of parliament and other political activities. In 1621, he retired from public office due to corruption and devoted himself to writing. He wrote a new organon, Novum Organum (1620), which replaced Aristotle's Organon, and emphasized the empirical method and advocated inductive method over deductive method. In other words, he rejected the four idols of Aristotelian scholastic philosophy's syllogism, namely (1) the idol of the race, (2) the idol of the cave, (3) the idol of the market, and (4) the idol of the theater, and advocated academics based on objective observation and experimental methods. He wrote a utopian story, Nova Atlantis (27). His other publications include The Advancement of Learning (05).

bacon
Bacon, John

Born: 24 November 1740, Southwark, London
[Died] August 4, 1799. London. British sculptor. He became a model maker for the Lambeth Pottery Factory, and invented new techniques for making replicas of artificial stone and marble statues. In 1770, he became an associate member of the Royal Academy. He produced the Bust of George III (1774, Clydesdale, Oxford). His other major work was the Monument to Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1779-1883, Westminster Abbey). His son of the same name (1777-1859) also followed in his father's footsteps as a sculptor. His major work was the Equestrian Statue of William III (St. James Square).

bacon
Bacon, Henry

Born November 28, 1866 in Watseka, Illinois
[Died] February 16, 1924. New York, New York. American architect. After graduating from the University of Illinois, he worked for the New York architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White, and then for J. Brandt until 1902. He then went independent and gained fame for designing the Doric temple-like Lincoln Memorial (dedicated in 1922) in Washington, DC, the nation's capital. This is known as an excellent example of neoclassical architecture, which was revived in the early 20th century. He subsequently designed many public buildings and monuments.

bacon
Bacon, Roger

[Birth] Around 12:20
[Died] about 1292. English philosopher and natural scientist. Known as the "amazing doctor," he was called Doctor mirabilis. He studied at the universities of Oxford and Paris, and placed emphasis on mathematics as an academic field and on empirical and experimental methods as a methodology. He introduced empirical methods into philosophy, distinguishing it from theology. He is regarded as a pioneer of modern British empiricism. He is also known for his research into optics, and devised a number of optical instruments using the refraction of light. His main work is the "Opus maius," a collection of treatises on natural science, philosophy, language, and more.

bacon
Bacon, Sir Nicholas

Born 1509. Chislehurst, Kent
[Died] February 20, 1579. London. British politician. Educated at Cambridge University and the law school, he became a solicitor for the Court of Revenue in 1537, and transferred to the Court of Guardianship in 1546. Although he was a Protestant, he retained his position during the reign of Mary I, a Catholic. After the accession of Elizabeth I to the throne, he was rapidly promoted, becoming Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in 1558, and the following year was allowed to exercise the judicial powers of the Lord Chancellor and became a Privy Councillor. He was the brother-in-law of W. Cecil (whose wives were sisters), and helped him contribute to the establishment of the Church of England. Father of philosopher F. Bacon.

bacon
Bacon, Francis

Born: October 28, 1909 in Dublin
[Died] April 28, 1992, Madrid British painter. He started out in furniture design and interior decoration, but in 1929 he began his own career as a painter. He painted bizarre, twisted human figures based on photographs and reproductions, and became one of the leading British painters after World War II. He is also considered a pioneer of Pop Art for combining photography and painting. His representative works include Figures in a Landscape (1945, Tate Gallery, London).

bacon
bacon

This is a smoked meat product made by salting and smoking pork flank. The production method is almost the same as for ham, but the smoking is stronger. The smoking gives it a unique flavor and antiseptic properties, and also suppresses the oxidation of fat. Good quality meat and fat are considered to be of uniform thickness and have good color and flavor, but it is not good if the fat layer is too thick or too soft.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1561.1.22. ロンドン
[没]1626.4.9. ハイゲート
イギリスの哲学者。近代イギリス経験論の創始者。ケンブリッジ大学に学んだのち，パリに渡ったが，父の死後帰国し，国会議員などの政治活動に入った。 1621年汚職のため公職を退き，以後著述に専念した。彼はアリストテレスの『オルガノン』に代る新しいオルガノン『ノブム・オルガヌム (新機関) 』 Novum Organum (1620) を著わし，経験的方法を重視し，演繹法に対し帰納法を提唱した。すなわちアリストテレス的スコラ哲学の三段論法による4つのイドラ，すなわち (1) 種族のイドラ，(2) 洞窟のイドラ，(3) 市場のイドラ，(4) 劇場のイドラを排除し，客観的観察，実験的方法による学問を主張した。ユートピア物語として『新アトランティス』 Nova Atlantis (27) がある。ほかに『学問の進歩』 The Advancement of Learning (05) 。

ベーコン
Bacon， John

[生]1740.11.24. ロンドン，サウスワーク
[没]1799.8.4. ロンドン
イギリスの彫刻家。ランベスの陶器工場の原型作者となり，人工石の模刻や大理石像の複製を作る新技術を創案。 1770年にロイヤル・アカデミーの準会員。『ジョージ3世胸像』 (1774，オックスフォード，クライス聖堂) を制作。その他の主要作品『チャタム伯ピット記念碑』 (79～83，ウェストミンスター寺院) 。なお同名の息子 (77～1859) も父の跡を継ぎ彫刻家として活躍。主要作品は『ウィリアム3世騎馬像』 (セント・ジェームズ広場) 。

ベーコン
Bacon， Henry

[生]1866.11.28. イリノイ，ワツェカ
[没]1924.2.16. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の建築家。イリノイ大学卒業後，ニューヨークの建築事務所マッキム・ミード・アンド・ホワイトで働き，次いで 1902年まで J.ブラントのもとで活動。その後独立し，首都ワシントン D.C.にドーリス様式の神殿風のリンカーン記念堂 (1922献堂) を設計して名声を得た。これは 20世紀初頭に再燃した新古典主義建築の秀例として知られる。その後，多くの公共建築，記念建造物を手がけた。

ベーコン
Bacon， Roger

[生]1220頃
[没]1292頃
イギリスの哲学者，自然科学者。驚異的博士 Doctor mirabilisと呼ばれた。オックスフォード，パリの各大学に学び，学問としては数学を，方法としては経験的方法，実験的方法を重視し，哲学に経験的方法を導入して，哲学を神学から区別した。近代イギリス経験論の先行者として評価される。また光学の研究でも知られ，光の屈折を利用して，数々の光学器具を案出した。主著は，自然科学，哲学，言語などに関する論文を集めた『大著作』 Opus maius。

ベーコン
Bacon， Sir Nicholas

[生]1509. ケント，チズルハースト
[没]1579.2.20. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。ケンブリッジ大学と法学院に学び，1537年増収裁判所法務官となり，46年後見裁判所に移った。新教徒であったが旧教徒メアリー1世の治世にも地位を保持した。エリザベス1世即位後急速に昇進し，58年国璽尚書になり，翌年大法官の司法権限行使を許され，枢密顧問官になった。 W.セシルの義兄で (妻同士が姉妹) ，彼を助けて国教会の確立に貢献した。哲学者 F.ベーコンの父。

ベーコン
Bacon， Francis

[生]1909.10.28. ダブリン
[没]1992.4.28. マドリード
イギリスの画家。初め家具デザイン，室内装飾の仕事についたが，1929年から独学で画家の道を歩む。写真や複製をもとにしてねじれたような奇怪な人間像を描き，第2次世界大戦後のイギリスの代表的画家となった。写真と絵画を結びつけた点でポップ・アートの先駆ともされる。代表作『風景の中の人物』 (1945，ロンドン，テート・ギャラリー) など。

ベーコン
bacon

豚の脇腹肉を塩漬にし，薫煙してつくった薫肉食品。製法はハムとほとんど同じだが薫煙を強く行う。薫煙によって特有の風味と防腐性が与えられ，脂肪の酸化も押えられる。肉や脂肪の厚さが均一で，色調，風味のよいものが良質とされており，脂肪の層が極度に厚くて，軟らかすぎるのはよくない。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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