Born 1550 in Merchiston, near Edinburgh [Died] April 4, 1617. Born in Merchiston, near Edinburgh. British mathematician. At the age of 13, he entered the University of St. Andrews, but his stay was short, and he seems to have traveled abroad as was the custom at the time. He returned to his hometown around 1571 and lived in Merchiston or Gartness. His most important achievement was the discovery of natural logarithms (Napier's logarithms). This discovery made astronomical calculations easier and had a great impact. He began studying logarithms around 1594 and published his findings in 1614. Around the same time, Swiss mathematician J. Burgi also discovered logarithms, but since he published his findings in 1620, the honor of the discovery goes to Napier. He also invented the prototype of the slide rule and made contributions to spherical trigonometry. He was an ardent Protestant, and wrote a book in the history of the Scottish Church (A Clear Discovery of the Whole Apocalypse of St. John) in opposition to the Catholic Church (1594). His major works include "A Description of the Astonishing Laws of Logarithms" (1614) and "The Construction of the Astonishing Laws of Logarithms" (19). Napier |
[生]1550. エディンバラ近郊マーキストン [没]1617.4.4. エディンバラ近郊マーキストン イギリスの数学者。 13歳でセントアンドルーズ大学へ入ったが,在学期間は短かったらしく,当時の習慣に従って外国旅行に出たようである。 1571年頃故郷に帰り,マーキストンかガートネスに住んだ。彼の最も重要な業績は自然対数 (ネーピアの対数) の発見である。この発見によって特に天文学の計算が容易になり,大きな影響を与えた。彼は対数の研究に 94年頃から取組み,1614年に公表した。ほぼ同じ頃スイスの数学者 J.ビュルギも対数を発見したが,発表した年が 20年であったため,発見の名誉はネーピアに与えられている。ほかに,計算尺の原型を発明したり,球面三角法にも業績を残している。熱烈な新教徒であった彼は,旧教に対抗してスコットランド教会史に残る書物 (『聖ヨハネの黙示録全体に関する明白な発見』) を著わしている (1594) 。主著に『驚くべき対数法則の記述』 (1614) ,『驚くべき対数法則の構造』 (19) などがある。 ネーピア
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