Napier, John

Japanese: ネーピア(英語表記)Napier, John
Napier, John
Born 1550 in Merchiston, near Edinburgh
[Died] April 4, 1617. Born in Merchiston, near Edinburgh. British mathematician. At the age of 13, he entered the University of St. Andrews, but his stay was short, and he seems to have traveled abroad as was the custom at the time. He returned to his hometown around 1571 and lived in Merchiston or Gartness. His most important achievement was the discovery of natural logarithms (Napier's logarithms). This discovery made astronomical calculations easier and had a great impact. He began studying logarithms around 1594 and published his findings in 1614. Around the same time, Swiss mathematician J. Burgi also discovered logarithms, but since he published his findings in 1620, the honor of the discovery goes to Napier. He also invented the prototype of the slide rule and made contributions to spherical trigonometry. He was an ardent Protestant, and wrote a book in the history of the Scottish Church (A Clear Discovery of the Whole Apocalypse of St. John) in opposition to the Catholic Church (1594). His major works include "A Description of the Astonishing Laws of Logarithms" (1614) and "The Construction of the Astonishing Laws of Logarithms" (19).

Napier
Napier, Sir Charles

Born 6 March 1786, Stirling, near Falkirk
[Died] 6 November 1860. British naval officer from near Catherington, Hampshire. Joined the Royal Navy in 1799. During the Napoleonic Wars, he fought in the Mediterranean (1811) and on the American coast (14). During the Portuguese civil war, he was invited by the constitutionalist faction led by Pedro I to become a fleet commander (33), and defeated the fleet of the usurper Dom Miguel, but was expelled from the Royal Navy. He returned in 1836 and became a fleet commander in the Syrian campaign (40-44). During the Crimean War, he became commander of the Baltic fleet, and caused trouble by refusing to attack the Russian naval base at Kronshtadt. Liberal member of Parliament from 1855 to 1860. Appointed an admiral in 1858.

Napier
Napier

A port city on the central east coast of North Island, New Zealand. Along with Hastings, it is a representative city in the Hawke's Bay region. The city sits on a small headland known as Napier Hill, and its mild climate makes it a popular resort destination. Sheep farming is popular in the surrounding area, and it is a major wool distribution center. It also produces frozen meat and dairy products, which are mainly exported to the United States. It has a good harbor that can accommodate large ships. There are sawmills and pulp factories nearby, and fishing is also practiced. Population: 52,700 (1990 estimate).

Napier
Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick

Born: 17 December 1785, Celbridge, Kildare
[Died] 10 February 1860, Clapham Park, Surrey. British soldier and historian. Joined the army in 1800, and participated in the Spanish campaign in 1808. Based on his experiences, he collected materials and wrote History of the War in the Peninsula (6 volumes, 1828-40). In 1859, he became a general in the army.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1550. エディンバラ近郊マーキストン
[没]1617.4.4. エディンバラ近郊マーキストン
イギリスの数学者。 13歳でセントアンドルーズ大学へ入ったが,在学期間は短かったらしく,当時の習慣に従って外国旅行に出たようである。 1571年頃故郷に帰り,マーキストンかガートネスに住んだ。彼の最も重要な業績は自然対数 (ネーピアの対数) の発見である。この発見によって特に天文学の計算が容易になり,大きな影響を与えた。彼は対数の研究に 94年頃から取組み,1614年に公表した。ほぼ同じ頃スイスの数学者 J.ビュルギも対数を発見したが,発表した年が 20年であったため,発見の名誉はネーピアに与えられている。ほかに,計算尺の原型を発明したり,球面三角法にも業績を残している。熱烈な新教徒であった彼は,旧教に対抗してスコットランド教会史に残る書物 (『聖ヨハネの黙示録全体に関する明白な発見』) を著わしている (1594) 。主著に『驚くべき対数法則の記述』 (1614) ,『驚くべき対数法則の構造』 (19) などがある。

ネーピア
Napier, Sir Charles

[生]1786.3.6. スターリング,フォールカーク近郊
[没]1860.11.6. ハンプシャー,カサリントン近郊
イギリスの海軍軍人。 1799年海軍に入る。ナポレオン戦争中,地中海 (1811) ,アメリカ沿岸 (14) に転戦。ポルトガルの内乱に,ペドロ1世の率いる立憲君主派に招かれて艦隊司令官となり (33) ,簒奪者ドン・ミゲルの艦隊を破ったが,イギリス海軍から除名された。 1836年復帰し,シリア遠征 (40~44) の艦隊司令官となった。クリミア戦争にはバルト海艦隊司令官となり,ロシアの海軍基地クロンシタット攻撃を拒絶して問題となった。 55~60年自由党下院議員。 58年海軍大将。

ネーピア
Napier

ニュージーランド,ノース島中央東岸にある港湾都市。ヘースティングズと並びホーク湾地方の代表的都市。市街地はネーピアヒルとして知られる小さな岬の上に位置し,気候は温暖で保養地となっている。周辺では牧羊が盛んで,羊毛の代表的集散地。そのほか冷凍肉や酪農製品を産し,これらはおもにアメリカ合衆国に輸出される。良港をもち,大型船舶の接岸が可能。近くに製材,パルプ工場があり,漁業も行われる。人口5万 2700 (1990推計) 。

ネーピア
Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick

[生]1785.12.17. キルデア,セルブリッジ
[没]1860.2.10. サリー,クラパムパーク
イギリスの軍人,歴史家。 1800年陸軍に入隊し,08年スペインでの戦役に参加。そのときの経験をもとに資料を収集し,『イベリア半島戦争史』 History of the War in the Peninsula (6巻,1828~40) を執筆。 59年陸軍大将。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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