Jehol Province - Jehol Province

The name of a former province in China. This area combines the current northeastern part of Hebei Province, the southwestern part of Liaoning Province, and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It has many mountains and deserts, and is sparsely populated. In 1703, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty built a summer resort here (also known as the Jehol Villa). It became a summer resort for successive emperors, and magnificent palaces were built here. In 1860, when the British and French allied forces occupied Beijing during the Arrow War, Emperor Xianfeng fled to Jehol, where he died. It then became a special district in 1914, and became Jehol Province in 1928. Its capital was Chengde. At that time, this area was a major producer of poppy, the raw material for opium. In 1932, the Japanese Kwantung Army occupied Northeast China and established the "Manchukuo", but also planned to annex the neighboring Jehol Province. To this end, they launched the Jehol Operation in February of the following year, expelling the forces of the Northeast warlord Zhang Xueliang and succeeding in incorporating the province into the territory of "Manchukuo". In 1956, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jehol Province was abolished and divided into Hebei Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

[Kurahashi Masanao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の旧省名。現在の河北省北東部、遼寧(りょうねい)省南西部、内モンゴル自治区東部をあわせた地域。山地と砂漠が多く、人口は少ない。1703年、清(しん)朝の康煕(こうき)帝はここに避暑山荘（熱河離宮ともいう）を営んだ。以後、歴代の皇帝の避暑地となり、同地には豪壮な宮殿が建設された。1860年、アロー戦争で英仏連合軍が北京(ペキン)を占領すると、咸豊(かんぽう)帝は熱河に避難、同地で没している。その後、1914年に特別区となり、28年に熱河省となった。省都は承徳。そのころこの地はアヘンの原料であるケシの栽培が盛んであった。1932年、日本の関東軍は中国東北を軍事占領し「満州国」を発足させたが、さらに隣接する熱河省の併合を企図した。このため翌年2月より熱河作戦を行い、そこにいた東北軍閥張学良の勢力を駆逐し、同省を「満州国」の版図に組み込むことに成功した。中華人民共和国成立後の56年、熱河省は廃され、河北省、遼寧省、内モンゴル自治区に三分された。

［倉橋正直］

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