A mouse mutant that is congenitally hairless and lacks a thymus. Many hairless mutations are known in mice, but the one reported in 1966 by British geneticist SP Flanagan is called the nude mouse, and is controlled by the recessive gene nude (abbreviated as nu). This mutation occurs in various strains of mice, but the most commonly used strains are BALB/c, C3H, and C57BL. The most important feature of nude mice is the congenital absence of the thymus, and they are used to study the significance of the thymus in immune responses. Since these mice do not have T cells derived from the thymus, they have no cellular immune response and their humoral immune response is also incomplete. In addition, since there is no rejection reaction to grafts due to the lack of cellular immunity, it is possible to transplant tissues from different animals, such as rabbits, chickens, and reptiles, into the nude mouse, and the skin of the nude mouse can be transplanted and allowed to survive. They also play an important role in tumor research, such as transplanting human tumors to test the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. However, the relationship between the absence of a thymus and hairlessness is unclear. [Hiroshi Ooka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
先天的に無毛で胸腺(きょうせん)が欠損した、マウスの突然変異体。マウスには多くの無毛突然変異が知られているが、イギリスの遺伝学者フラナガンS. P. Flanaganによって1966年に報告されたものをヌードマウスといい、劣性遺伝子nude(略号nu)に支配される。この突然変異はいろいろの系統のマウスに発生するが、BALB/c、C3H、C57BLなどの系統のものがよく用いられる。ヌードマウスのもっとも重要な特徴は胸腺の先天的欠損であり、胸腺の免疫反応における意義を研究することに用いられる。このマウスには胸腺由来のT細胞がないので細胞性免疫応答がなく、液性免疫応答も不完全である。また細胞性免疫の欠損により移植片に対する拒絶反応がないため異種の動物組織を移植することが可能であり、ウサギ、ニワトリ、爬虫(はちゅう)類などの皮膚を移植して生着させることができ、ヒトの腫瘍(しゅよう)を移植して制癌(せいがん)剤の効果を試験するなど腫瘍の研究にも大きな役割を果たしている。しかし胸腺がないことと無毛の関係は明らかではない。 [大岡 宏] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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