Garden stones

Japanese: 庭石 - にわいし
Garden stones

A general term for stones used in gardens. Unlike processed stone used in Western-style gardens, Japanese gardens often use stones that are naturally produced. Depending on where they are produced, they can be broadly divided into mountain stones, stream stones, river stones, and sea stones. In accordance with the law of honshoribetsu, one of the taboos in landscaping during the Edo period, it is considered natural to use mountain stones for artificial hills, stream stones for valleys, river stones for streams, and sea stones for ponds.

A garden stone may be used alone or in groups of two, three, or several. A decorative arrangement of garden stones is called "iwagumi," and this technique, which originated from depicting nature, was developed early on in Japanese gardens, giving birth to the rock garden at Ryoanji Temple.

The value of a garden stone is determined by its shape, color, luster, texture, and also by its rough surface. The rough surface refers to the unique natural appearance of the stone's surface due to years of weathering, and is also called the "mountain rust" of the stone. This is the key point in appreciating garden stones.

[Jin Nakamura]

Names of each part of garden stones
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Names of each part of garden stones

Examples of how to arrange garden stones
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Examples of how to arrange garden stones

Main types of paving stones
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Main types of paving stones

How to hit stepping stones
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

How to hit stepping stones


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

庭園に使われる石の総称。洋風の庭で使用される石材加工品と異なり、日本庭園では自然に産出したままの石を用いることが多い。産出する場所によって、山石、沢石、川石、海石に大きく分けられる。これらは、江戸時代造園術の禁忌の一つである本所離別(ほんしょりべつ)の法にのっとり、築山(つきやま)には山石、渓谷には沢石、流れには川石、池には海石を使うのが自然とされている。

 庭石は、1個だけを用いる場合と、2個、3個、あるいは数個と複数で使う場合とがある。庭石を装飾的に組み合わせてつくる局部を石組(いわぐみ)というが、自然の描写から出発したこの技術が日本庭園では早くから発達し、龍安寺(りょうあんじ)の石庭などを生んだ。

 庭石としての価値は、形や色合い、光沢、組織のほか、野面(のづら)で決まる。野面とは、長年の風化作用で石の表面が自然に一種独特の味わいを出していることをさし、石の山さびともよばれる。庭石観賞のキーポイントである。

[中村 仁]

庭石の各部名称
©西川勝也">

庭石の各部名称

庭石の組み方の例
©西川勝也">

庭石の組み方の例

敷石のおもな種類
©西川勝也">

敷石のおもな種類

飛び石の打ち方
©西川勝也">

飛び石の打ち方


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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