Also known as modernism. A position within the Catholic Church that seeks to interpret Christianity in a subjective (→subject theory) and internal way in line with 18th-19th century European philosophical thought. It was advocated in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is said that revelation and faith are internalized in consciousness, and miracles are the crystallization of the desire to represent faith through the senses, and that the church was born when this religious consciousness became collective. It also rejected scholasticism as being biased toward the intellect, and valued practice and intuition. Representative figures of this movement include A. Loisy, E. Le Roy, L. Lavertonnière, G. Tirel, and the Action Française group. While the Church recognized this as an effort to adapt to the times, it rejected 65 theses in its 1907 decree Lamentabili for their violation of fundamental doctrine, and Pope Pius X, following his criticism in the encyclical Pascendi dominici gregis of the same year, ordered the clergy to take an anti-modernist oath in his 1910 decree Sacrorum antistium. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
モダニズムともいう。 18~19世紀のヨーロッパ哲学思想に合せてキリスト教を主観主義 (→主観論 ) 的,内在的に解釈しようとするカトリック教会内の立場。 19~20世紀にかけて主張された。啓示も信仰も意識内在化され,奇跡は信仰を感覚で表象化しようとする欲求の結晶であり,このような宗教意識が集団化したとき教会が生れたとされる。またスコラ主義が知性に偏しているとして排され,実践と直観が重んじられた。 A.ロアジ,E.ル・ロア,L.ラベルトニエール,G.ティレル,アクシオン・フランセーズの一派などがその代表である。教会は時代への適応の努力としてはこれを認めながらも,基本的教義の破壊に関して 1907年の教令 Lamentabiliで 65命題を排斥し,ピウス 10世は同年の回勅 Pascendi dominici gregisでの批判に続いて,10年の任意教令 Sacrorum antistiumで反近代主義の宣誓を聖職者に命じた。
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