Elm - Ulmus spp.; elm

Japanese: ニレ(楡) - ニレ（英語表記）Ulmus spp.; elm

A deciduous tall tree of the Ulmaceae family. A general term for Japanese elm U. davidiana var. japonica and its related species. There are about 20 species of the same genus, including European elm, American elm, and Chinese elm, mainly found in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Three species grow wild in Japan: Japanese elm U. parvifolia , and Chinese elm U. laciniata . Japanese elm is common in Hokkaido and northern Honshu, and the one on the campus of Hokkaido University is famous. It grows to a height of 20 to 30 meters, with vertical fissures in the bark of the trunk. The leaves are oval with pointed tips and asymmetrical. In spring, it blooms with a large number of small yellow-green flowers, and the seeds are located at the top of the wings. Japanese elm is distributed from central Honshu west to south, and flowers and fruits appear in autumn. The leaves are smaller than Japanese elm, 2 to 5 cm long, and the seeds are located in the center of the wings. The halibut is widely distributed in Hokkaido, and its leaves are large, with the top part divided into three, and the central part extends long like a tail. The fibers of the bark are strong, and the Ainu costume called "atsushi" is made from it. The autumn elm is also good for roadside trees and bonsai. In China, the bark is used for medicine, and the juice of the tree is used as paint.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ニレ科の落葉高木。ハルニレ U. davidiana var. japonicaとその近似種の総称。北半球の温帯を中心にオウシュウニレ，アメリカニレ，シナニレなど 20種ほどの同属植物がある。日本にはハルニレ，アキニレ U. parvifolia，オヒョウ U. laciniataの3種が自生する。ハルニレは北海道や本州北部に多く，北海道大学構内のものが有名である。樹高 20～30mで幹の樹皮は縦に裂け目が入る。葉は楕円形で先端がとがり，左右は不対称である。春に，黄緑色の小花を多数集めて開花し，種子が翼の上部にある。アキニレは本州中部以西から南に分布し，花や実が秋につく。葉はハルニレより小さく，長さ2～5cmで種子は翼の中央部につく。オヒョウは特に北海道に広く分布し，葉は大きく上部が3つに分れて中央片は尾のように長く伸びる。皮の繊維は強く，「あつし」と呼ばれるアイヌの衣装はこれからつくったものである。なおアキニレは街路樹や盆栽にもよい。中国では樹皮を薬用，木の汁を塗料にする。

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