Nihonmatsu Domain

This was a Tozama clan that ruled the area around Nihonmatsu in Mutsu Province (Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture). Its castle is currently located in Kasumigajo Park in Nihonmatsu City. It was the base castle of the Hatakeyama clan in the Middle Ages, and in the early modern period it was the Aizu domain. In 1627 (Kan'ei 4), during the rule of Aizu domain lord Kato Yoshiaki, his son-in-law Matsushita Shigetsuna was given a fief of 50,000 koku, and the Nihonmatsu domain was established. In the following year, his son Nagatsuna moved to Miharu, and in his place Kato Yoshiaki's third son Akitoshi was appointed to Miharu with a fief of 30,000 koku. In 1641 (Kan'ei 18), upon the death of Akitoshi, his territory was confiscated, and subsequently in 1643, Niwa Mitsushige entered the domain from Shirakawa with an official stipend of 100,700 koku. After Mitsushige, Nagatsugu, Nagayuki, Hidenobu, Takahiro, Takatsune, Nagataka, Nagaaki, Nagatomi, Nagakuni, and Nagahiro followed suit. The territory consisted of 110 villages, including 69 villages in Adachi County and 41 villages in Asaka County, and according to the "Catalogue of the Nihonmatsu Domain as of August 1626," the total tribute was 116,618 koku, of which 100,954 koku was the main tribute, 2,844 koku was apportioned, 12,819 koku was new land, and there were small taxes such as cotton tax, mountain tax, charcoal tax, sulfur transport, and hot water transport. Mitsushige established a deputy governor system for 10 groups within the territory, and spent 10 years from 1647 (Shoho 4) repairing the castle and developing the castle town, attracting merchants and industrialists, and making it the political and economic center of the territory. From the second lord, Choji, to the fourth lord, Hidenobu, the system of control within the domain was further improved, and in 1718 (Kyoho 3), a general land survey of the domain was carried out, and commercial crops such as tobacco, safflower, and indigo were cultivated, and sericulture was encouraged. However, a series of poor harvests caused production to stagnate, and the domain's finances became strained. The fifth lord, Takahiro, appointed Confucian scholar Iwaida Sakuhi to carry out reforms in the domain's administration, and in 1745 (Enkyo 2) he enacted the Growth Act to provide relief to the domain's people, but the tax levies were also strict, and in 1749 (Kan'en 2) a poor harvest led to a peasant uprising. After that, for two generations of feudal lords, Nagataka and Nagayoshi, he had his old retainer Narita Yorichika carry out reforms in the domain's government, instructed rice cultivation, and encouraged local specialties such as Nihonmatsu Banko ware, Kawasaki washi paper, Hiraishi tatami mats, and Odaira kushigaki persimmons. In 1817 (Bunka 14), he founded the domain school Keigakukan to encourage learning and education for the children of domain samurai. During the Boshin War, he played a part in the Oshu-Ueno Alliance against the Western Army, and despite the desperate fight of the Nihonmatsu Youth Corps, the castle fell in July 1868 (Keio 4), and after the surrender, his adopted son Niwa Nagahiro was given 50,000 koku. In 1871 (Meiji 4), when the feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were established, it became Nihonmatsu Prefecture, and in November of the same year it was renamed Fukushima Prefecture, and in 1876 it was incorporated into Fukushima Prefecture, which was formed by merging Wakamatsu and Iwasaki prefectures.

[Hiroshi Honda]

"History of Fukushima Prefecture: March 10th (Part 1)" (1967, 1970, Fukushima Prefecture)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

陸奥(むつ)国二本松（福島県二本松市）周辺を領有した外様(とざま)藩。居城は現二本松市霞ヶ城(かすみがじょう)公園。中世畠山(はたけやま)氏の拠城、近世初頭会津領、1627年（寛永4）会津藩主加藤嘉明(よしあき)のとき、その女婿松下重綱(しげつな)が5万石で封じられ二本松藩成立。翌28年その子長綱は三春(みはる)に移り、かわって加藤嘉明の三男明利(あきとし)が三春から3万石で就封した。1641年（寛永18）明利死去により領地没収、その後43年丹羽光重(にわみつしげ)が白河から表高10万0700石で入部し、光重のあと、長次(ながつぐ)、長之(ながゆき)、秀延(ひでのぶ)、高寛(たかひろ)、高庸(たかつね)、長貴(ながたか)、長祥(ながあき)、長富(ながとみ)、長国(ながくに)、長裕(ながひろ)と続いた。領地は安達郡69か村および安積(あさか)郡のうち41か村のつごう110か村、『寛永(かんえい)二十年八月二本松領目録』によると、惣高11万6618石余で、うち本高10万0954石余、改出2844石余、新田1万2819石余と綿役、山年貢、炭役、硫黄運上(いおううんじょう)、湯銭運上などの小物成(こものなり)があった。光重は領内10組に代官制度を敷き、1647年（正保4）から10か年を費やして城の修築、城下町の整備を行い、商工業者などを集住させ、領内の政治・経済の中心とした。2代長次から4代秀延にかけて領内支配機構を一段と整備し、1718年（享保3）領内総検地を実施し、煙草(たばこ)、紅花(べにばな)、藍(あい)など商品作物を栽培させ、養蚕業を奨励した。しかし相次ぐ凶作によって生産が停滞し藩財政は窮乏した。5代高寛は儒者岩井田咋非(いわいださくひ)を登用して藩政改革を行い、1745年（延享2）生育法を制定して領民救済を図るなどしたが、年貢賦課も厳しく、1749年（寛延2）凶作を機に農民一揆(いっき)が発生した。その後藩主長貴・長祥父子二代にわたって老臣成田頼綏(よりちか)に藩政改革を行わせ、稲作の指導、二本松万古焼(ばんこやき)、川崎の和紙、平石(ひらいし)の畳表、大平(おおだいら)の串柿(くしがき)など特産品を奨励した。1817年（文化14）藩校敬学館を創設し、藩士の子弟に学問、教育を奨励した。戊辰(ぼしん)戦争では奥羽列藩同盟の一翼を担って西軍に抗し、二本松少年隊の決死の戦いにもかかわらず、1868年（慶応4）7月落城、降伏後、養子丹羽長裕に5万石が与えられた。1871年（明治4）廃藩置県で二本松県となり、同年11月福島県と改称、さらに76年若松・磐前(いわさき)両県を統合した福島県に編入。

［誉田　宏］

『『福島県史 3・10（上）』（1967、70・福島県）』

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