Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.

Japanese: 日本航空[株] - にっぽんこうくう

Japan's leading airline, which had a monopoly on international air travel until 1986. Abbreviated as JAL. Founded as a private company in 1951, it began operating independently in 1952, and was reorganized as a government-funded semi-private company in 1953 when the Japan Airlines Corporation Act was enacted. It began international flights in 1954, introduced the DC-8 as a jet airliner in 1960, and opened the first Tokyo-Europe route via Siberia in 1970. It operates domestic trunk routes. It was fully privatized in 1987. In October 2002, it merged with Japan Air System to establish a holding company, Japan Airlines System, which changed its name to Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. in June 2004. In April of the same year, the former Japan Airlines changed its name to Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd. In 2005, the company was ordered to improve its business practices by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism due to frequent safety issues, and a series of scandals led to a decline in its performance. The airline tried to restructure by abolishing unprofitable routes and reorganizing the group, but ultimately gave up on self-restructuring. In January 2010, due to long-term poor management and excessive debt, it applied for Corporate Reorganization Procedures at the Tokyo District Court, which was accepted. This was the fourth major bankruptcy since the war. With the support of the Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan, which is funded by the government and private financial institutions, the airline worked on reconstruction, and in March 2011 the reorganization was completed, and the airline returned to being a private company. In 2007, the airline joined the oneworld airline alliance. Headquarters in Tokyo. Capital in 2011 was 181.3 billion yen, and sales for the fiscal year ending March 2011 were 1.2048 trillion yen.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

1986年まで国際航空を独占してきた日本を代表する航空会社。略称JAL。1951年民間企業として設立，1952年自主運航開始，1953年同会社法制定により政府出資の半官半民会社に改組した。1954年国際線の運航を開始，1960年DC-8を導入しジェット化，1970年世界にさきがけてシベリア経由の東京〜ヨーロッパ線を開設。国内線は幹線を運行。1987年に完全民営化された。2002年10月に日本エアシステムと経営統合して持株会社日本航空システムを設立，これが2004年６月株式会社日本航空に社名を変更。同年４月，もとの日本航空は株式会社日本航空インターナショナルと社名変更した。2005年に安全上のトラブル多発により国土交通省から業務改善命令を受けるなど不祥事が相次ぎ，業績が悪化。赤字路線の廃止やグループ再編などで経営再建を模索したが，最終的に自主再建を断念，2010年１月長期経営不振，債務超過を理由に東京地裁に会社更生法の手続きを申請，受理された。戦後４番目の大型倒産である。国と民間金融機関が出資する株式会社企業再生支援機構の支援で再建に取り組み，11年３月会社更生終了，民間企業に復帰した。2007年に航空連合ワンワールドに加盟。本社東京。2011年資本金1813億円，2011年３月期売上高１兆2048億円。
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