An alloy of mercury and other metals. It can be obtained by directly contacting mercury with the metal, or by electrolyzing a metal salt solution with mercury as the cathode. It can be in liquid, paste, or solid form depending on the ratio of mercury to the metal. Chemically, it can be weaker than the metal itself, as in alkali metal amalgams, or it can be more active because the formation of an oxide film is prevented, as in zinc and aluminum amalgams. Amalgamation is used to smelt gold and silver, while silver and tin amalgams are used as dental filling materials, lead and tin amalgams are used to make mirror surfaces, and sodium and zinc amalgams are used as reducing agents. Ammonium amalgams can also be obtained by electrolyzing a liquid ammonia solution of ammonium salts with mercury as the cathode, or by adding a concentrated solution of ammonium salts to alkali metal amalgams or alkaline earth metal amalgams. It is spongy and has a metallic luster. It is unstable at room temperature and decomposes into ammonia, hydrogen, and mercury. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
水銀とほかの金属との合金.水銀と金属を直接接触させたり,水銀を陰極として金属塩溶液を電解すると得られる.水銀と金属との割合により,液状,ペースト状,固体状のものがある.化学的には,アルカリ金属のアマルガムのように金属自体より反応性が弱くなる場合と,亜鉛,アルミニウムのアマルガムのように酸化物皮膜の生成が妨げられて反応が活発になる場合とがある.金,銀の製錬にはアマルガム化が利用され,銀,スズのアマルガムは歯の充填材料,鉛,スズのアマルガムは鏡面の製作に,ナトリウム,亜鉛のアマルガムは還元剤として用いられる.また,水銀を陰極としたアンモニウム塩の液体アンモニア溶液の電解や,アルカリ金属アマルガムやアルカリ土類金属アマルガムにアンモニウム塩濃厚溶液を加えることにより,アンモニウムアマルガムが得られる.海綿状で金属光沢を示す.常温では不安定で,アンモニア,水素,水銀に分解する. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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