Nice - Nice (English spelling)

Japanese: ニース - にーす(英語表記)Nice
Nice - Nice (English spelling)

It is the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France, and a representative tourist city on the Mediterranean coast of the Cote d'Azur. It is located 32 km west of the Italian border, at the mouth of the Paillon River in the Bay of Anjou, with the Vars River flowing into the west. It is the fifth largest city in France, with a population of 342,738 (1999). With the coastal Alps behind it, it is a scenic city, and the average temperature is 7.5°C in January and 22.7°C in July, with an average of 2,778 hours of sunshine per year, making it an ideal summer or winter resort. In addition to villas, hotels, gardens, and casinos, it has a variety of resort facilities, including the Angles Promenade, built by the British who developed this area as a resort in the 19th century, and is a base for swimming in the sea in summer and winter sports in the coastal Alps in winter. It is also easily accessible, with an airport and regular ferries to Corsica from the port. In addition to traditional industries such as cut flowers, perfume, olive oil, and brewing, the city also has furniture and cement industries. In recent years, machinery and electrical appliance industries have also developed, but the industrial base is supported by tourism. The city is also known for its flower market, which opened in 1963.

It was founded in the mid-4th century BC as a Phoenician colony of Massilia (now Marseille) and called Nicaea. In 154 BC, the Romans occupied it, and made Cemenelum (now Cimiez in Nice) in the north the capital of the region. A bishopric was established in the 4th century AD, but was later destroyed by invasions by Germanic tribes and Muslims. It developed as the County of Provence in 970, became the property of the House of Savoy in 1388, and became a French territory from 1792 to 1814, and finally became a French territory in 1860. The old town, with its narrow, winding passages, has ruins of an amphitheater, baths, and old churches. It was the birthplace of Garibaldi, a key figure in the Italian unification movement (Risorgimento), and there is Garibaldi Square commemorating him. It is the cultural center of the region, with many universities and museums. Of the various annual events, the largest is the Nice Carnival, which began in 1873.

[Nobuyoshi Aoki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス南東部、アルプ・マリティーム県の県都で、地中海岸のコート・ダジュールを代表する観光都市。イタリア国境の西32キロメートル、アンジュ湾のパイヨン川河口に位置し、西側にはバール川が流入する。フランス第5の都市で、人口34万2738(1999)。背後に海岸アルプスを控えて風光明媚(めいび)なうえ、平均気温は1月7.5℃、7月22.7℃、年平均日照2778時間と気候温暖で、避暑・避寒地として最適。別荘、ホテル、庭園、カジノのほか、19世紀にこの地を保養地として開拓したイギリス人建設のアングレー遊歩道など、保養施設が整い、夏は海水浴、冬は海岸アルプスのウィンタースポーツの基地となる。交通も至便で、空港があり、港からはコルシカ島へ定期船が就航する。切り花、香水、オリーブ油、醸造などの伝統産業に加えて、家具・セメント工業も行われる。近年では機械・電気器具工業も発達するが、産業基盤は観光に支えられている。1963年開設の花市場も知られる。

 紀元前4世紀中ごろ、マッシリアMassilia(現マルセイユ)のフェニキア人植民市として開かれ、ニカイアNicaeaとよばれた。前154年ローマ人が占領、北部のケメネルムCemenelum(現ニース市内シミエCimiez)をこの地方の首都とした。後4世紀からは司教座が置かれたが、その後ゲルマン民族やイスラム教徒の侵入を受けて破壊された。970年からはプロバンス伯領となって発展、1388年からはサボイア家領、1792~1814年はフランス領となったが、最終的には1860年フランス領となった。細く屈曲した通路の旧市街には、円形闘技場、浴場などの遺跡、古い教会などが残る。イタリア統一運動(リソルジメント)の立役者ガリバルディの生地で、彼を記念するガリバルディ広場がある。地域の文化中心地として大学や博物館も多い。さまざまな年中行事のうち、1873年創始の「ニースのカーニバル」は最大のもの。

[青木伸好]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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