A language belonging to the Dravidian language family. It is the official language of Tamil Nadu in southern India, and one of the official languages in Sri Lanka and Singapore. It is also spoken in Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, and elsewhere, mainly by the descendants of immigrants. There are 74 million speakers. It uses the Tamil script, a variation of the southern Brahmi script. It has the oldest written records (dating back to around the time of Christ) of all Dravidian languages, and is considered the language least influenced by Indo-Aryan languages. The language structure is close to an agglutinative language, with nouns divided into eight cases by adding suffixes, and the word order is similar to Japanese. ◇Tamil in English. Source: Kodansha Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages |
ドラビダ語族に属する言語。インド南部のタミル-ナードゥ州の公用語で、スリランカとシンガポールでは公用語の一つ。マレーシア、インドネシア、マダガスカルなどでも移民の子孫を中心に話されている。話者数は7400万人。南方系ブラーフミー文字が変化したタミル文字が使われる。ドラビダ語族のなかで最も古い文献(紀元前後までさかのぼる)をもち、また、インドアーリア語派(インド語派)の影響が最も少ない言語とされる。言語の構造は膠着語に近く、名詞は8つの格を接尾辞の付加によってつくり、語順も日本語に似ている。◇英語でTamil。
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