Nicosia (English spelling)

Japanese: ニコシア(英語表記)Nicosia
Nicosia (English spelling)
The capital of Cyprus. Levkosía in Greek and Lefkoşa in Turkish. It is located in the middle of the Mesaoria plain, between the Kyrenia mountain range in the north and the Troodos mountain range in the south, at an altitude of 150m overlooking the Pedias River. A kingdom existed in the 7th century BC, a bishopric was established in the 4th century, and it became the seat of the administrative government from around the 10th century. It was ruled by the Byzantines, the Lusignan kings of France, the Venetians, the Turks, and the British. St. Sophia Cathedral is a good example of the historical and religious changes of Cyprus. Construction began in 1209 and was completed in 1325, but it was later plundered by invaders and converted into a Muslim mosque in 1571. In 1954, the name was changed to Selimiye Mosque after the sultan who conquered Cyprus. It became the capital when independence was achieved in 1960. The city is centered around a 5km-wide fortress surrounded by Venetian (15th-16th century) walls, with the new town built in the 20th century surrounding it. Most of the medieval buildings have disappeared from the old town, but the Cathedral of St. Nicholas, the Archbishop's Palace, Ibrik Bazar, and the Turkish Governor's Palace remain. Economically, it is a commercial and light industrial city based on local agriculture, with cotton spinning, tobacco, flour milling, soft drinks, confectionery, and clothing manufacturing. Since the 1974 Cyprus conflict, the northern part of the city has been under the control of the United Nations peacekeeping forces. The population of the area administered by the Cyprus government is 231,800 (2008).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
キプロスの首都。ギリシア語ではレフコシア Levkosía,トルコ語ではレフコシャ Lefkoşa。北のキレニア山脈と,南のトロードス山脈の間に横たわるメサオリア平野中部,ペディエアス川に臨む標高 150mのところに位置する。前7世紀に王国が存在し,4世紀には司教座が置かれ,10世紀頃から行政府の所在地となった。ビザンチン,フランスのリュジニャン王家,ベネチア人,トルコ,イギリスと次々と支配者が変わった。聖ソフィア大聖堂は,キプロスの歴史的,宗教的変遷をよく物語っている。 1209年に建設が開始され,1325年に完成した大聖堂は,そののち侵略者の略奪を受け,1571年にイスラム教のモスクに転換させられた。さらに 1954年,その名称はキプロスを征服したスルタンの名をとって,セリミエモスクと改められた。 1960年の独立とともに首都となった。ベネチア時代 (15~16世紀) の城壁に囲まれた周囲 5kmの城塞が中心となり,20世紀に建設された新市街が周辺に広がる。旧市街からも中世の建物はほとんど姿を消したが,聖ニコラス聖堂,大主教宮,イブリク・バザル,トルコ総督宮などが残る。経済的には,地域の農業を基盤とする商業,軽工業都市で,綿紡績,たばこ,製粉,清涼飲料水,製菓,衣類製造などが行なわれる。 1974年のキプロス紛争以来,市の北部は国連平和維持軍の管理地となっている。キプロス政府管理地の人口 23万1800(2008)。

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