Niijimaso - Niijima no Sho

Japanese: 新島荘 - にいじまのしょう

A manor of Todaiji Temple located in Nakata County, Awa Province (later Meito County). It was one of the manors established in various places by the Todaiji Temple Construction Office from around 749, and spread across the marshland of the lower reaches of the Yoshino River. It consists of three separate districts, Honjo, Hirakata, and Ozumedokoro, and there are several theories about their location due to differences in understanding of the jori in Nakata County. It is thought that it corresponds roughly to the northern part of Tokushima City, the southern part of Aizumi Town, Itano County, and the eastern part of Ishii Town, Myonishi County. The three districts were occupied (established as a manor) in 749, and the establishment was in 756. The Honjo district is 42 cho, the Hirakata district is 31 cho, and the Ozumedokoro district is 10 cho. Of these, drawings of the Hirakata and Ozumedokoro districts that are thought to have been created around the time of their establishment are still preserved in the Shosoin Repository. According to this drawing, the land was appropriation by surrounding the marshland with a levee and opening up cultivated land, mainly farmland, on the inside. It is believed that Awa no Ooshi no Atai, who was the governor of Awa Province, was involved in the development. After that, Todaiji Temple's function as a manor was almost completely lost, but development by local farmers progressed within the manor area, and the amount of land acquired by farmers and cultivated land increased significantly. From the mid-9th century, Todaiji Temple promoted a movement to restore the manor, but its demand for the return of land acquired by farmers and cultivated land to the temple land did not achieve sufficient results due to resistance from local farmers. In the mid-10th century, Todaiji Temple's betto Mitsuchi's movement to rebuild the temple land attempted to organize local farmers into the Niijima Manor Manor Manager and Zhuangzi, and the land was temporarily restored, but by 998 it was completely devastated.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

阿波国名方(なかた)郡（のち名東郡）にあった東大寺領の荘園。749年ごろから造東大寺司により各地に設定された荘園の一つで，吉野川下流部の湿地帯に広がる。本荘・枚方(ひらかた)・大豆処の離れた３地区からなり，その比定地については，名方郡条里の把握の差などから複数の説がある。およそ現徳島市北部および板野郡藍住町南部，名西郡石井町東部一帯にあたるか。３地区とも占点（荘域の設定）は749年，立券は756年とみられ，本荘地区は42町余，枚方地区は31町余，大豆処地区は10町。このうち枚方・大豆処両地区については，立券前後に作成されたとみられる絵図が正倉院に現存している。この絵図によれば，低湿地の周囲を堤防で囲み，内側に畠地を主とする耕地を開くというかたちで占点が行われた。開発には阿波国造であった粟凡直(あわのおおしのあたい)氏が関わっていたと推定される。その後東大寺の荘園としての機能はほとんど失われていたが，荘域内部では在地農民による開発が進み，口分田・農民墾田が大幅に増加した。９世紀半ばから東大寺により荘園回復運動が推し進められたが，東大寺からの口分田・農民墾田の寺田への返還要求は，在地農民の抵抗により充分な成果を上げなかったようである。10世紀半ばからの東大寺別当光智の寺領再建運動では，在地農民の新島荘荘預・荘子への組織化が図られて一時回復をみるが，998年には完全に荒廃していた。

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