Nanjamonjagoke - Nanjamonjagoke

Japanese: ナンジャモンジャゴケ - なんじゃもんじゃごけ
Nanjamonjagoke - Nanjamonjagoke

A representative species of the moss family, Polytrichum commune. It was first discovered in 1956 on Mt. Shirouma in Japan. At first, it was unclear whether it was a moss, a special type of fern, or a green alga, and so the name was given to it to indicate that it was an unknown plant. It was subsequently discovered in Mt. Taisetsu in Hokkaido, Mt. Iide in Yamagata Prefecture, and other places, as well as in the Himalayas, Borneo, China, the Aleutian Islands, and the west coast of Canada (Queen Charlotte Islands). Eventually, the archegonia unique to mosses was discovered, and it is now considered to be a special type of moss. The number of chromosomes is n = 4, the lowest among land plants. The plant is 2 to 3 centimeters tall, has few branches, and has a cylindrical stem. The leaves are rod-shaped like the stems, with 2 to 3 lobes, and are arranged spirally on the stem. There are no rhizoids. Only the archegonia are known, but the antheridium and sporophyte are not yet known.

A species very similar to T. ceratophylla is found in the Himalayas and the Aleutian Islands. It has a slightly thicker leaf tissue than T. ceratophylla and has n = 5 chromosomes. To date, the above and this species are the only known species in the T. ceratophylla family. Some scholars believe that the T. ceratophylla and T. ceratophylla families are closely related.

[Hiroshi Inoue]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

コケ植物ナンジャモンジャゴケ科の代表的な種。1956年(昭和31)、日本の白馬岳(しろうまだけ)で初めて発見された。当初は、コケ植物かシダ植物の特殊なものか、あるいは緑藻類なのかがはっきりしなく、えたいのわからない植物という意味でこの名がつけられた。その後、北海道大雪(たいせつ)山、山形県飯豊(いいで)山などからの報告に加えて、ヒマラヤ、ボルネオ島、中国、アリューシャン列島、カナダ西海岸(クイーン・シャーロット諸島)などからも発見された。やがてコケ植物特有の造卵器もみつかり、現在ではコケ植物の特殊なものと考えられている。染色体数はn=4で、陸上植物のなかでは最少である。植物体は高さ2~3センチメートル、枝分れは少なく、円柱状の茎をもつ。葉は茎と同じく棒状で、2~3裂し、螺旋(らせん)状に茎に配列する。仮根はない。造卵器のみは知られているが、造精器、胞子体はまだ知られていない。

 ナンジャモンジャゴケによく似た種類に、ヒマラヤとアリューシャン列島からみつかっているヒマラヤナンジャモンジャゴケT. ceratophyllaがある。これは、葉の組織がナンジャモンジャゴケよりもすこし厚く、染色体数はn=5である。現在までのところ、ナンジャモンジャゴケ科には、前述の種とこの種だけが知られているにすぎない。なお、ナンジャモンジャゴケ科とコマチゴケ科とは近縁関係にあるとする学者もいる。

[井上 浩]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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