CIA - CIA

The abbreviation for the Central Intelligence Agency. More precisely, the Central Intelligence Agency. Founded in 1947 as the successor to the OSS (Office of Strategic Services), a counterintelligence agency during World War II, after it was dissolved. After the CIA Act was amended in 1949, the CIA and its director gained enormous powers of operation. (1) The CIA is exempt from the obligation to announce and report the names, affiliations, salaries, and numbers of employees, employees, and agents, (2) the Budget Office is exempt from the obligation to report on the CIA's budget and its use, (3) one of its objectives openly states the overthrow of foreign governments that are not in the interest of the United States, etc.

The CIA has an estimated staff of 5,000 to 10,000 people, including not only the well-known intelligence and subversive activities, but also geology, oceanography, linguistics, and other fields, and its areas of activity range from potential enemies such as the former Soviet Union and China to allies, aviation, and space, and its activities and huge budget are shrouded in mystery. CIA activities that have attracted attention so far include the overthrow of Mossadegh's regime in Iran in 1953, which led to control of Iran's oil resources, the overthrow of the Arbenz People's regime in Guatemala in 1954, the assassination of Congo's President Lumumba in 1961, the failed plan to invade Cuba in 1961, the overthrow of Allende's regime in Chile in 1973, and the subsequent plan to interfere in the Sandinista revolutionary regime in Nicaragua. Even after the end of the Cold War, the CIA has expanded its scope of activities, actively spying and whistle-blowing on corporate activities in Japan and Western Europe, and strengthening its overt and covert activities against governments in developing countries and its activities for the benefit of American companies.

[Rikui Saburo]

"CIA" by Fred Cook, translated by Yamaguchi Fusao (1961, Misuzu Shobo)" ▽ "The Invisible Government" by D. Wise and T. Ross, translated by Tamura Hiroshi (1963, Kobundo)" ▽ "Inside the CIA: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)" compiled by the Committee to Investigate the Domestic Activities of the CIA of the United States of America, translated by the Mainichi Shimbun Foreign News Department (1975, Mainichi Shimbun)" ▽ "The CIA and America: The Future of the World's Largest Spy Organization" by Yabe Takeshi (1996, Kosaido Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

アメリカ中央情報局The Central Intelligence Agencyの略称。正確には中央諜報(ちょうほう)局。第二次世界大戦中の対敵諜報機関OSS（戦略活動局The Office of Strategic Services）の解散後、その後身として1947年に設立。49年にCIA法が改正されてから、CIAとその長官は巨大な活動権限をもつようになった。(1)雇用している職員・雇員・手先の氏名・所属・給与・員数の発表・報告の義務免除、(2)予算局はCIA予算とその使途について報告の義務免除、(3)その活動目的の一つとして、アメリカの利益に合致しない外国政府の転覆を公然と掲げたこと、など。

　CIAの機構は、周知の諜報・謀略活動ばかりでなく、地質学・海洋学・言語学その他を含む推定5000～1万人のスタッフを擁し、その活動領域も旧ソ連、中国など仮想敵国から同盟諸国、航空・宇宙にまで及び、その活動内容と膨大な予算はベールに包まれている。CIAの活動としてこれまでに注目を集めたのは、1953年イランのモサデク政権の転覆によるイラン石油資源の支配、54年グアテマラのアルベンス人民政権の倒壊、61年コンゴのルムンバ大統領暗殺、61年キューバ侵入計画の失敗、73年チリのアジェンデ政権の転覆、その後のニカラグアのサンディニスタ革命政権への干渉計画など枚挙にいとまがないほど多い。冷戦終結後も、その活動範囲をかえって拡げ、日本、西欧などの企業活動に対するスパイ・告発行動を盛んに行い、途上諸国の政権への公然・隠然の活動とアメリカ企業の利益のための活動を強化している。

［陸井三郎］

『フレッド・クック著、山口房雄訳『CIA』（1961・みすず書房）』▽『D・ワイズ、T・ロス著、田村浩訳『見えない政府』（1963・弘文堂）』▽『アメリカ合衆国CIA国内活動調査委員会編、毎日新聞社外信部訳『CIAアメリカ中央情報局の内幕』（1975・毎日新聞社）』▽『矢部武著『CIAとアメリカ―世界最大のスパイ組織の行方』（1996・広済堂出版）』

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