Nankai - Something

Japanese: 南海 - なんかい
Nankai - Something

The sea to the south of China, the countries along its coasts, and the countries that sail through it to pay tribute. It is also used as the Chinese name for the South China Sea. As the Chinese gained geographical knowledge and trade areas expanded, the area referred to as "South Sea" became wider. The term originated in the Qin dynasty, when the commanderies in what are now Guangdong and Guangxi were named "South Sea Commanderies." It gradually spread from the Indochina Peninsula and the Malay Peninsula to the islands of Java, Borneo, and Sumatra, and even the Philippine archipelago. After the 11th century, it came to mean the coastal countries beyond the Indian Ocean, such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and parts of Africa. Works such as the Southern Song dynasty's "Reigai Daitou" and "Shobanshi," the Yuan dynasty's "Zhenla Fudoki," and the Ming dynasty's "Yingya Shenglan" and "Considerations on the East and West" were written out of the Chinese's curiosity about other countries at the time. These works explain the expansion of the South China Sea over time and give us an insight into its significance in Chinese history.

[Hoshi Hideo]

"Chinese Historical Materials on the South Seas" by Mikinosuke Ishida (1945, Seikatsusha)

[References] | Orient | South China Sea

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国の南方に存在する海、さらにその沿岸の諸国、またその海を航行して来貢する諸国。南シナ海の中国での名称としても使われる。中国人の地理的知識と、交易地域の拡大とともに、南海の意味する地域は広くなった。秦(しん)代、いまの広東(カントン)、広西地方に置かれた郡を南海郡と名づけたのが、この用語の始まりで、しだいに、インドシナ半島、マレー半島から、さらにジャワ、ボルネオ、スマトラの諸島に広がり、フィリピン群島にも及んだ。11世紀以後は、インド洋を越えて、ペルシア湾、紅海からアフリカの一部などの沿岸諸国をも意味するに至った。南宋(なんそう)の『嶺外代答(れいがいだいとう)』『諸蕃志(しょばんし)』、元の『真臘風土記(しんろうふどき)』、明(みん)の『瀛涯勝覧(えいがいしょうらん)』『東西洋考』などは、当時の中国人の海外への好奇心が生んだ著作であるが、これらによって南海が、時代を下るにつれて拡大する事情がわかり、南海の中国史上の意義をうかがうことができる。

[星 斌夫]

『石田幹之助著『南海に関する支那史料』(1945・生活社)』

[参照項目] | 東洋 | 南シナ海

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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