...American film company. It is one of Hollywood's "Big Five" that was formed in 1935 by the merger of Fox Pictures (founded in 1915) by William Fox (1879-1952) and Twentieth Century Pictures (founded in 1933) by Joseph M. Schenck (1878-1961) and Darryl F. Zanuck. Fox Pictures started in 1906 with the management of Nickelodeon, the first permanent movie theater in the United States, and gradually increased the number of movie theaters, mainly in New York. In the 1910s, it began production and distribution, and promoted the seductive star Theda Bara (1890-1955), known as the first vamp actress. In the 1920s, it grew into the largest film corporation in Hollywood along with Adolph Zukor's Paramount and Marcus Roe's MGM. ... From United Artists...Films produced included Douglas the Great (1919) starring Fairbanks, Falling Flowers (1919) and The Way to the East (1920) directed by Griffith, Dreams of Youth (1920) starring Pickford, and Women of Paris (1923) and The Gold Rush (1925) directed by Chaplin. However, Fairbanks and Pickford's popularity did not last, Chaplin's work was slow-paced, and Griffith, although he had only one box-office success with The Way to the East, did not have any hits, and in 1924 he signed a contract with Adolph Zukor and left for Paramount. In 1925, Joseph M. Schenck (1878-1961) became president of United Artists, signing contracts with stars such as Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson, and Buster Keaton, and bringing producer Samuel Goldwyn under his control, sustaining the company through the 1920s. In the 1930s, the company made a name for itself with films such as Hell's Angels (1930) and The Big Bad (1932), both produced by Howard Hughes, and also partnered with Alexander Korda of London Film to distribute the epic The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Schenck, JM" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アメリカの映画会社。ウィリアム・フォックスWilliam Fox(1879‐1952)のフォックス映画社(1915設立)とジョゼフ・M.スケンクJoseph M.Schenck(1878‐1961)およびダリル・F.ザナックの20世紀映画社(1933設立)が1935年に合併してできたハリウッドの〈ビッグ・ファイブ〉の一つである。フォックス映画社は,1906年に,アメリカの最初の映画常設館であったニッケルオデオンの経営からスタートしてしだいにニューヨークを中心に映画館を増やし,10年代には製作,配給も始め,バンプvamp女優第1号として知られる妖艶なスター,セダ・バラTheda Bara(1890‐1955)を売り出し,20年代にはアドルフ・ズーカーのパラマウント,マーカス・ローのMGMとともにハリウッド最大の映画企業体に成長した。… 【ユナイテッド・アーチスツ[会社]】より…フェアバンクス主演の《ダグラス大王》(1919),グリフィス監督の《散り行く花》(1919)および《東への道》(1920),ピックフォード主演の《青春の夢》(1920),チャップリン監督の《巴里の女性》(1923)および《黄金狂時代》(1925)などがつくられたが,フェアバンクスやピックフォードの人気は永続的なものではなく,チャップリンの仕事はスロー・ペースで,またグリフィスは《東への道》だけは興行的に成功したもののヒット作がなく,24年にはアドルフ・ズーカーと契約してパラマウントへ去ってしまう。 25年にはジョゼフ・M.スケンクJoseph M.Schenck(1878‐1961)がユナイテッド・アーチスツの社長に就任,ルドルフ・バレンチノ,グロリア・スワンソン,バスター・キートンといったスターと契約し,プロデューサーのサミュエル・ゴールドウィンを傘下にいれて20年代を維持した。30年代に入ると,ハワード・ヒューズ製作の《地獄の天使》(1930)や《暗黒街の顔役》(1932)などによって業績を残し,さらにロンドン・フィルムのアレクサンダー・コルダとも手を結んで大作《ヘンリー八世の私生活》(1933)などを配給した。… ※「Schenck,J.M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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