Hunter, William

Japanese: ハンター（英語表記）Hunter, William

Born: May 23, 1718. Long Calderwood
[Died] March 30, 1783, London. British obstetrician-gynaecologist and anatomist. His high level of education and medical practice established obstetrics, which had previously been left to midwives, as a field of medicine. He received his doctorate from the University of Glasgow in 1750. From 1756 onwards, he focused on obstetric practice and became the most successful obstetrician of his day in Britain. In 1762, he became Queen Charlotte's personal physician, and in 1768, he became the first professor of anatomy at the Royal Academy. Like his brother John Hunter, he collected a huge number of anatomical and pathological specimens for his lectures throughout his life.

Hunter
Hunter, John

Born: February 13, 1728. Long Calderwood
[Died] October 16, 1793, London. British surgeon. Founder of pathological anatomy in Britain. From 1748, he became an assistant to his brother William Hunter and studied anatomy. In 1758, he became a surgeon at St. George's Hospital, and in 1760, he also served as a military surgeon. He practiced in London from 1763 until his death. He lectured on the theory and practice of surgery from the 1770s to 1790. One of his students was Edward Jenner. He contributed greatly to the development of surgery by providing a scientific foundation, and is also said to have been a pioneer in dentistry.

Hunter
Hunter, David

Born: July 21, 1802 in Washington, DC
Died: February 2, 1886, Washington, DC
American soldier. Graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1822. Participated in the Mexican-American War. During the American Civil War, he served as a major general in the Union Army and played an active role in the capture of Fort Pulaski, the Piedmont, and the Shenandoah region. In May 1862, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation for the black slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, which he controlled, but President Abraham Lincoln, fearing that the slave states that had sided with the Union would defect, did not approve it. (→Emancipation Proclamation)

Hunter
Hunter, Robert

[raw]?
[Died] March 1734. British colonial administrator in Jamaica. Governor of the North American colony. Appointed lieutenant governor of Virginia in 1707, he was captured on the way there and imprisoned in France. After his release, he was appointed governor of New York and New Jersey in 1709, and took up his post in New York in 1710, serving until 1719. He strengthened the frontier defenses against French forces and gained the popularity of the colonists. He established the first express mail system between Boston and Albany. He later served as governor of Jamaica from 1727 to 1734.

Hunter
Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro

Born April 21, 1809 in Essex, Virginia.
[Died] July 18, 1887. Lloyd, Virginia. American lawyer and politician. Before the Civil War, he was a member of the Virginia House of Representatives (1837-43, 1845-47) and the Senate (1847-61), and was a strong advocate of states' rights. During the war, he was Secretary of State for the Confederacy (1861-62) and Senator (1862-65), but was critical of the J. Davis administration. After the war, he was Secretary of the Treasury of Virginia (1874-80).

Hunter
Hunter, Walter Samuel

Born March 22, 1889 in Decatur, Illinois
[Died] August 3, 1954. Providence, Rhode Island. American psychologist. Professor at Brown University after graduating from Texas, Kansas, and Clark University. One of the leading scholars of behaviorism, he made a great contribution to experimental research, especially learning research, rather than theory. His main work is Anthroponomy and Psychology (1930).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1718.5.23. ロングカルダーウッド
[没]1783.3.30. ロンドン
イギリスの産婦人科医，解剖学者。その高水準の教育と医療によって，産婆の手にゆだねられていた産科を医学の一分野として確立させた。1750年，グラスゴー大学で学位を取得。1756年以降，産科の診療を主体とし，当代イギリスで最も成功した産科医となった。1762年，シャーロット王妃の侍医，1768年，ロイヤル・アカデミーの初代解剖学教授となる。弟のジョン・ハンターと同様，講義用に生涯，解剖学や病理学の膨大な標本を集めた。

ハンター
Hunter, John

[生]1728.2.13. ロングカルダーウッド
[没]1793.10.16. ロンドン
イギリスの外科医。イギリスにおける病理解剖学の創始者。1748年から兄ウィリアム・ハンターの助手となり，解剖学を学んだ。1758年にセントジョージ病院で外科医となり，1760年に軍医を兼ね，1763年から終生ロンドンで開業。1770年代から 1790年まで外科の理論と実際を講義。弟子にエドワード・ジェンナーがいる。外科に科学的基礎を与えてその発展に大いに貢献したほか，歯科医学の先駆者ともいわれる。

ハンター
Hunter， David

[生]1802.7.21. ワシントンD.C.
[没]1886.2.2. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカ合衆国の軍人。 1822年陸軍士官学校卒業。アメリカ＝メキシコ戦争に参加。南北戦争では北軍の陸軍少将としてプラスキ要塞攻略作戦，ピードモント，シェナンドーア地方で活躍。 1862年5月，管下のジョージア州，フロリダ州，サウスカロライナ州の黒人奴隷解放宣言を公布したが，連邦側についた奴隷州の離反を恐れたエブラハム・リンカーン大統領はこれを承認しなかった。 (→奴隷解放宣言 )

ハンター
Hunter， Robert

[生]?
[没]1734.3. ジャマイカ
イギリスの植民地行政官。北アメリカ植民地総督。 1707年バージニア副総督に任命されたが，赴任の途上で捕えられてフランスで投獄された。釈放後，09年ニューヨークおよびニュージャージー植民地総督に任命され，10年ニューヨークで着任，19年までつとめた。フランス勢力に対しフロンティアの防衛を固め植民地人の人気を博した。ボストンとオールバニ間の最初の至急便制度を設けた。のち 27～34年ジャマイカ総督。

ハンター
Hunter， Robert Mercer Taliaferro

[生]1809.4.21. バージニア，エセックス
[没]1887.7.18. バージニア，ロイズ
アメリカの法律家，政治家。南北戦争前はバージニアからの連邦下院 (1837～43，45～47) および上院 (47～61) 議員で，強力な州権擁護派。戦争中は南部連合の国務長官 (61～62) ，上院議員 (62～65) となったが，J.デービス政権に批判的であった。戦後バージニア州財務長官 (74～80) 。

ハンター
Hunter， Walter Samuel

[生]1889.3.22. イリノイ，ディケーター
[没]1954.8.3. ロードアイランド，プロビデンス
アメリカの心理学者。テキサス，カンザス，クラーク各大学を経てブラウン大学教授。行動主義学派の代表的学者の一人であるが，理論よりも実験的研究，特に学習研究に多大の貢献をした。主著『人理学と心理学』 Anthroponomy and Psychology (1930) 。

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