This refers to the import-restricting effect of tariffs. Tariffs are imposed on foreign products at the time of customs clearance as one of the means to protect domestic industries, but the existence of such tariffs raises the prices of foreign products, suppressing imports and being considered a factor that impedes international trade. On the other hand, import-restricting measures that do not involve tariffs are called non-tariff barriers (NTBs), and typical examples include import quotas, standard certification systems unique to each country, import procedures, and business practices. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
関税による輸入抑制効果をいう。関税は国内の産業を保護するための手段の一つとして,外国製品に通関時に課税することであるが,こうした関税の存在は,外国製品の価格を引き上げることになるので輸入が抑制され,国際貿易を阻害する要因と考えられている。一方,関税によらない輸入抑制措置を非関税障壁 (NTB) というが,代表的なものとして,輸入数量割り当て,各国に特有な基準認証制度,輸入手続き,商慣行などがあげられる。
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