Generally, it means occupied land. In the case of gamblers, for example, groups obtain temple money and "shoba" (place of residence) from territories called "shima" (island) and "niwaba" (garden), and maintain the living structure of their members. Boundaries are implicitly understood, but in order to maintain and develop the organization, there is always a desire to expand the territory, and the organization is in a potentially conflictual relationship. In fact, new boundaries are often drawn through violence, and territories are fluid. In the broad sense, territory can also be called when the object of occupation is authority rather than land. An example of this is the sectionalism seen in modern bureaucratic organizations. Duties and authority are clearly distributed among various departments, but territorial disputes, or on the other hand, mutual imposition, can be seen in response to boundary events. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般的には,占有している土地を意味する。博徒などでは,集団は「しま (島) 」「にわば (庭場) 」と呼ばれる縄張りから寺銭,「しょば (所場) 」代を得て,構成員の生活組織を維持する。境界は暗黙のうちに了解されているが,組織の維持発展のために常に縄張り拡大を志向して,組織は潜在的対立関係にある。実際,しばしば暴力によって新しい境界が定められ,縄張りは流動的である。占有対象が土地ではなく権限である場合にも,広義には縄張りと呼べる。近代官僚組織にみられるセクショナリズムがその例である。職務,権限が諸部門に明白に分配されているが,境界的な出来事に対しては縄張り争い,あるいはその反面としての押しつけ合いが認められる。
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