Pendleton Act

Japanese: Pendleton Act(英語表記)PendletonAct
Pendleton Act

…He was known for his eloquence and was a capable man, but he was plagued by self-doubt, perhaps due to the strong religious ethics of his youth. His assassination led to the passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883. Public Servant [Kousuke Shimura]. …

From the National Public Service Act

These include the National Civil Service Law (promulgated in 1970) and the National Diet Personnel Law (promulgated in 1947). The prototype of the National Civil Service Law is said to be the United States Civil Service Act of 1883 (commonly known as the Pendleton Act). The current National Civil Service Law has several major characteristics compared to the prewar civil servant legal system.

From the Merit System

…In the United States, since the founding of the country, the spoils system, a political practice in which the appointment of civil servants was decided based on partisan favoritism, had been rampant. Under this system, however, the most suitable candidates were not always appointed to civil service positions, and various problems arose. In 1883, the federal government enacted the Pendleton Act (commonly known as the Federal Civil Service Act), which established the basis for the hiring of civil servants based on their examination results (merit). The features of this act were: (1) the establishment of a nonpartisan personnel committee; (2) the introduction of an open examination system as a condition of appointment; (3) the limitation of the examination system to public positions designated by rank, with exceptions permitted; and (4) restrictions on civil servants' contributions to political parties and political party activities. …

*Some of the terminology referenced in the Pendleton Act is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…雄弁をもって知られ,有能でもあったが,青年時代の強い宗教的倫理観のなごりのためか,自己懐疑に悩んだ。彼の暗殺が契機となり,83年ペンドルトン官吏任用制改革法Pendleton Actが成立した。公務員【志邨 晃佑】。…

【国家公務員法】より

…1970公布),国会職員法(1947公布)等がそれである。国家公務員法の原型とされているのは,1883年のアメリカ合衆国公務員法(United States Civil Service Act,通称ペンドルトン法Pendleton Act)であるとされている。 現行国家公務員法は,戦前の官吏法制と比べて,いくつかの大きな特色を有している。…

【メリット・システム】より

…アメリカでは,建国以来公務員の任命を党派的情実によって決定する政治慣習であるスポイルズ・システム(猟官制度)がはびこっていたが,この制度の下では適任者が公務員に就任するとは限らず,種々の弊害を生み出していた。1883年,連邦政府はペンドルトン法Pendleton Act(〈連邦公務員法〉の通称)を制定し,公務員が試験の成績(メリット)によって採用される基礎を築いた。この法律の特色は,(1)超党派的構成の人事委員会を設置したこと,(2)任用の条件として,公開の試験制度を導入したこと,(3)試験制度を職階に指定された公職に限定し,除外事項を認めたこと,(4)公務員が政党に対して資金を供出したり,政党活動を行うことを制限した点であった。…

※「Pendleton Act」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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