When an ester is heated with an alkaline solution, it undergoes hydrolysis to produce metal salts of fatty acids and alcohol. For example, when fatty acid esters of fats and oils are heated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (aqueous solution of caustic soda), they become soap and glycerin. This has long been used industrially as a method for producing soap, and the name saponification comes from this. Current industrial hydrolysis of fats and oils produces fatty acids and glycerin by adding steam at high temperature and pressure, or by using a decomposing agent, and soap is also produced by neutralizing fatty acids with an aqueous solution of an alkaline solution. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
エステルをアルカリ溶液とともに加熱すると,加水分解されて脂肪酸の金属塩とアルコールを生ずる反応。たとえば脂肪酸エステルである油脂は,水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(苛性ソーダ水溶液)とともに加熱することにより,セッケンとグリセリンになる。これはセッケンの製法として,古くから工業的に用いられているもので,ケン化の名称もこれによる。現在の工業的な油脂の加水分解は,高温・高圧で水蒸気を加えるか,分解剤を用いる方法で脂肪酸とグリセリンを製造しており,セッケンも脂肪酸とアルカリ水溶液の中和によって製造されている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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