Nightshade - Nightshade

Japanese: イヌホオズキ - いぬほおずき
Nightshade - Nightshade

An annual plant of the Solanaceae family (APG classification: Solanaceae). The stem is 30-60 cm tall, the leaves are alternate, oval, and short and pointed at the tip. From August to October, the flower stalk emerges midway between the nodes, and the scattered white five-petaled flowers open downward. The fruits are spherical and ripen to black. It is widely distributed throughout Japan and in temperate and tropical regions around the world. The entire plant is poisonous, but it is also used as medicine. The leaves of S. americanum Mill. ( S. nodiflorum Jacq.) are sharply pointed, and the flowers and seeds are small. It is a poisonous plant. It is distributed in North and South America, but has naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In Japan, it can be found in farmland and riverbeds.

[Hideo Takahashi June 21, 2021]

In China, it is called Ryuuki, and its roots and seeds are used to clear heat, detoxify, and reduce swelling. The whole plant contains an alkaloid called solanine, and there have been cases of children dying from eating unripe fruits.

[Motoo Nagasawa June 21, 2021]

Nightshade (specimen drawing)
©Kanzo Otawa ">

Nightshade (specimen drawing)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナス科(APG分類:ナス科)の一年草。茎は高さ30~60センチメートル、葉は互生し、卵形で先は短くとがる。8~10月、節間の途中に花軸を出し、散形状に白色の5弁花を下向きに開く。果実は球形で黒く熟す。日本全土、世界の温帯から熱帯にかけて広く分布する。全草有毒であるが、また薬にもする。テリミノイヌホオズキS. americanum Mill.(S. nodiflorum Jacq.)は葉の先が鋭くとがり、花や種子は小形である。有毒植物。南北アメリカに分布するが、全世界の熱帯から亜熱帯の地域に帰化している。日本では農耕地や河川敷などにみられる。

[高橋秀男 2021年6月21日]

 なお、中国では竜葵(りゅうき)と称して、根と種子を清熱、解毒、消腫(しょうしゅ)に用いる。全体にソラニンというアルカロイドが存在するので、未熟な果実を食べた子供が死亡した例もある。

[長沢元夫 2021年6月21日]

イヌホオズキ〔標本画〕
©大多和鐘三">

イヌホオズキ〔標本画〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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