Nakatsu Domain

This clan had its headquarters in Nakatsu, Shimoge County, Buzen Province (Nakatsu City, Oita Prefecture). After Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquered Kyushu, Kuroda Yoshitaka was given six counties in Buzen and moved to Nakatsu, but in 1600 (Keicho 5) he was transferred to Fukuoka, Chikuzen Province, due to his military achievements in the Battle of Sekigahara. After that, Hosokawa Tadaoki was given one province in Buzen and two counties in Bungo Province, Kunisaki and Hayami, and moved to Nakatsu, but in 1802 he built Kokura Castle and moved there, and Nakatsu became its subsidiary castle. In 1632 (Kan'ei 9), when the Hosokawa clan moved to Kumamoto in Higo, Ogasawara Nagatsugu of Tatsuno, Harima (Hyogo Prefecture) was given 80,000 koku in the three counties of Kamige, Shimoge, and Usa, and moved to Nakatsu. After Nagatsugu, Nagakatsu, Nagatane, Naganobu, and Nagasato followed, but in 1698 (Genroku 11), Nagatane's territory was confiscated due to misconduct, and he was allowed to inherit 40,000 koku due to the meritorious service of his ancestors. However, in 1716 (Kyoho 1), Chokei died young and his title was abolished, after which Okudaira Masanari of Miyazu, Tango (Kyoto Prefecture) was given 100,000 koku in the three counties of Kamige, Shimoge, and Usa, as well as Chikuzen and Bingo provinces, and entered Nakatsu. After Masanari, nine generations of rulers, Masaatsu, Masaka, Masao, Masataka, Masanobu, Masamichi, Masamoto, and Masayuki, followed, leading to the abolition of the feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures. Masataka was deeply devoted to Dutch studies, and published the Nakatsu Dictionary. Even after his retirement, he continued to look after Masamune, and implemented the Tenpo Reforms by appointing the tea ceremony boy Kurosawa Shoemon. Maeno Ryotaku, author of "Anatomy New Book," was a domain doctor, and Fukuzawa Yukichi was a member of the lower samurai class. The domain school, Shinshukan, was founded in 1796 (Kansei 8). In July 1871 (Meiji 4), the domain was abolished, and after becoming Nakatsu Prefecture, it became Kokura Prefecture in November of the same year. In April 1876, it was merged into Fukuoka Prefecture, but in August of the same year, Shimoge and Usa counties were assigned to Oita Prefecture.

[Kazuo Shibata]

"New Narrative History of the Domain, Volume 11" (1975, Shinjinbutsu Oraisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

豊前(ぶぜん)国下毛(しもげ)郡中津（大分県中津市）に藩庁を置いた藩。豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の九州平定後、黒田孝高(よしたか)が豊前6郡を与えられて中津に入ったが、1600年（慶長5）関ヶ原の戦いの戦功によって筑前(ちくぜん)福岡に移封。そのあと細川忠興(ただおき)が豊前1国、豊後(ぶんご)国国東(くにさき)、速見(はやみ)2郡を与えられて中津に入ったが、02年には小倉(こくら)城を築いて移り、中津はその支城となった。1632年（寛永9）細川氏が肥後熊本に移ると、播磨(はりま)（兵庫県）龍野(たつの)の小笠原長次(おがさわらながつぐ)が上毛(こうげ)、下毛、宇佐3郡に8万石を与えられて中津に入った。長次のあと長勝、長胤(ながたね)、長円(ながのぶ)、長邕(ながさと)と続いたが、その間、1698年（元禄11）には長胤の不行跡のため領地を没収され、先祖の勲功によって4万石で相続を許された。しかし1716年（享保1）長邕が夭逝(ようせい)したため改易となり、そのあと丹後(たんご)（京都府）宮津の奥平昌成(おくだいらまさなり)が上毛、下毛、宇佐3郡および筑前国、備後(びんご)国に10万石を与えられて中津に入った。昌成のあと昌敦(まさあつ)、昌鹿(まさか)、昌男、昌高、昌暢(まさのぶ)、昌猷(まさみち)、昌服(まさもと)、昌邁(まさゆき)と9代続き、廃藩置県に至った。昌高は蘭学(らんがく)に深く傾倒して『中津辞書』を出版、隠居後も昌猷を後見し、茶坊主の黒沢庄右衛門(しょうえもん)を登用して天保(てんぽう)の改革を実施した。『解体新書』を著した前野良沢(りょうたく)は藩医、福沢諭吉は下級士族の出身である。藩校進修館は1796年（寛政8）創立。1871年（明治4）7月廃藩、中津県を経て同年11月小倉県となり、76年4月福岡県に統合されたが、同年8月下毛、宇佐2郡は大分県に割属された。

［柴多一雄］

『『新編物語藩史　第11巻』（1975・新人物往来社）』

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