Descent

Japanese: 出自 - しゅつじ（英語表記）descent

Lineage belonging to a specific ancestor based on the generational chain of parent-child relationships. The parent-child relationships in this case are socially recognized, and therefore are not necessarily blood ties, nor are all biological parents and children necessarily socially related. In the generational chain of parent-child relationships, tracing only one of the chains of father-child or mother-child relationships is called unilineal descent, and there are paternal and maternal descent. When one can choose between father-child and mother-child relationships, it is called selective unilineal descent, and tracing both father-child and mother-child relationships is called bilateral descent.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

親子関係の世代的連鎖に基づく特定祖先への系統的帰属。この場合の親子関係は社会的に承認された親子関係であり，したがって必ずしも血縁であるとはかぎらないし，また生物学上の親子がすべて社会的な親子関係になるともかぎらない。親子関係の世代的連鎖に際して，父子関係もしくは母子関係のいずれか一方のみの連鎖をたどるものを単系出自 unilineal descentといい，父系出自と母系出自とがある。父子関係と母子関係のいずれかを選択できるものを選択的単系出自 ambilineal descentといい，父子関係と母子関係のいずれをもたどるものを双系出自 bilateral descentという。

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