A large river in the northeastern part of the African continent. It is the third longest in the world with a total length of 5,760 km, but if the Kagera River that flows into Lake Victoria is included, it is the longest in the world at 6,695 km. The drainage area is about 3.35 million km2 . It flows north from Lake Victoria in Uganda through Lake Albert into Sudan as the White Nile. It joins the Blue Nile that originates in the Ethiopian Plateau in Khartoum. It then joins the Atbara River and crosses the desert, dividing into two branches, the Rosetta and the Dimset, about 20 km north of Cairo, forming a large delta at the mouth and flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. There are six rapids between Khartoum and Aswan, but it is possible to navigate up to Uganda by connecting dams and rapids. The basin is the birthplace of the ancient Egyptian and Nubian civilizations, where agricultural culture flourished due to natural irrigation from periodic floods of the Nile. The Aswan Dam, the Aswan High Dam, and many other dams have been constructed, and large-scale development projects are underway in Egypt, Sudan, and other countries. The source of the Nile has long been believed to be two lakes, but in the 18th century the Blue Nile and in the 19th century the White Nile were confirmed as sources. → Related articles Aswan Dam | Africa | Egypt | Egypt (region) | Sudan | Lake Victoria Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
アフリカ大陸北東部の大河。全長5760kmで世界第3位とされるが,ビクトリア湖に注ぐカゲラ川を含めると6695kmで世界最長。流域面積約335万km2。ウガンダのビクトリア湖からアルバート湖を経てスーダンに入り白ナイルとして北流。エチオピア高原で発した青ナイルとハルツームで合流する。さらにアトバラ川をあわせて砂漠を横切り,カイロ北方約20kmでロゼッタ,ディムセートの2支流に分流,河口に大デルタを形成して地中海に注ぐ。ハルツームからアスワンまでの間に六つの急流があるが,ダム,急流の間をつなぎウガンダまで遡航(そこう)可能。流域は古代エジプト文明およびヌビア文明発祥の地で,ナイル川の定期的洪水による自然灌漑(かんがい)で農耕文化が栄えた。現在はアスワン・ダム,アスワン・ハイ・ダムをはじめ多くのダムが建設され,エジプト,スーダンなどで大規模な開発計画が進んでいる。ナイルの水源は古くから二つの湖であるとされたが,18世紀にいたって青ナイル,19世紀に白ナイルの水源が確証された。 →関連項目アスワン・ダム|アフリカ|エジプト|エジプト(地域)|スーダン|ビクトリア[湖] 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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