Tonden - Tonden

Japanese: 屯田 - とんでん

〘Noun〙① Before the Ritsuryo system, the fields were the property of the Emperor. Under the Taiho Ritsuryo system, these were 100 cho of fields placed in various provinces within the Kinai region for the Emperor to offer as offerings. They were administered by the Imperial Household Ministry and cultivated through forced labor by peasants. Under the Yoro Ritsuryo system, the name was changed to Kan-den. Imperial fields (mita) . *Ryōshū Kai (701) Fields: "The ancient records say: _Two military fields and _one military field were placed within the Kinai region. No tax was paid. Military fields. They are called Imperial fields. They were used as food offerings." ② During the Heian period, these were fields placed in Mutsu Province for the use of the Chinjufu. Two hundred cho (later 300 cho) were placed, and the land rent was used as reserves for the Chinjufu. *Sandai-kaku-15, December 28, Enryaku 15 (796): "The above-mentioned Dainagon Shosanmi Ki Ason Kosami- _no -nobu has been appointed as _{the second} Dainagon. _{He is hereby presenting} the land tax. From now on, he has ordered the transfer _of ₂₀ bundles of _rice per town." ③ The Chinese name for Shuzei -ryo (Tax Bureau) . [Shokugensho (1340)] ④ Land for Tondenhei soldiers established for the purpose of guarding and developing Hokkaido. *Article 1 of the Regulations Concerning the Service of Tondenhei Non-Soldiers and Soldiers (1904), "At the time the Tondenhei Ordinance is abolished, each Tondenhei non-soldier and soldier shall..." ⑤ A land system implemented in China during the successive dynasties from the Han dynasty onwards. During the Han dynasty, soldiers stationed on the borders were also made to cultivate land in order to secure military supplies. Later, during periods of conflict between multiple dynasties and during civil wars, they were also stationed inland. [Han Shu - Zhao Di Ji]

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 令制前、大王の御料田。大宝令制では畿内の諸国に置かれた天皇の供御のための百町の田。宮内省が管轄し、農民の徭役により耕作された。養老令では官田と名を変えた。御田(みた)。※令集解（701）田「古記云。畿内置_二屯田_一。不輸租。屯田。謂御田。供御造食料田耳」② 平安時代、鎮守府のために陸奥国に置かれた田地。二百町（のち三百町）を置き、その地子を鎮守府の備蓄とした。※三代格‐一五・延暦一五年（796）一二月二八日「右被_二大納言正三位紀朝臣古佐美宣_一偁。奉_レ勑。屯田地子。自今以後。宜町別准_二稲廿束_一令_レ輸」③ 主税寮(しゅぜいりょう)の唐名。〔職原鈔（1340）〕④ 北海道の警備・開拓のために設置された屯田兵のための土地。※屯田兵下士兵卒たりし者の服役に関する制（明治三七年）（1904）一条「屯田兵条例廃止の際に於ける屯田各兵下士兵卒は」⑤ 中国で、漢代以降の歴朝に行なわれた土地制度。漢代には辺境に置く兵士に耕作も行なわせ、軍糧の確保をはかった。その後、複数王朝対立の時期や、内戦の時には内地にも置かれた。〔漢書‐昭帝紀〕

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