The Great Grottoes (Thousand Buddha Caves) are located in Mingshashan (Mingsha Mountain) in Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, China. They were built in the Former Qin, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, and Yuan dynasties, and the total number of known grottoes alone is over 490. MA Stein from the UK in 1907, and P. Pelliot from France in 1908, brought back many ancient documents, paintings, and crafts, and introduced the grottoes. In addition, Russian, American, and Japanese expeditions visited the caves one after another, and Chen Fangli, Xiang Da, and Zhang Daqian from China also conducted research. After liberation, the Dunhuang Cultural Relics Research Institute was opened and research is being carried out. The murals in the grottoes were painted on top of plaster applied to the walls, and the theme is a wide range of Buddhist scriptures, with a coexistence of Western and Chinese styles. The influence of Indian style is also evident in the cast Buddha statues placed in the caves, clearly indicating that Western styles were brought to China via Dunhuang. Based on these vast collections of documents and paintings, a new field of research called "Dunhuangology" was born. In 1987, it was registered as a World Heritage Site. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中国,カンスー (甘粛) 省トンホワン (敦煌) 県のミンシャーシャン (鳴沙山) にある大石窟 (千仏洞) 。前秦,北魏,西魏,北周,隋,唐,五代,宋,元代に続営され,今日知られる石窟だけでも総数 490ヵ所以上に達している。 1907年イギリスの M.A.スタインが,1908年にはフランスの P.ペリオが数多くの古文書,絵画,工芸品を持ち帰り,石窟を紹介した。さらに,ロシア,アメリカ,日本の探検隊が相次いで訪れ,中国の陳方里,向達,張大千らも調査を行なったが,解放後は敦煌文物研究所が開設され,調査研究が進められている。石窟内に描かれた壁画は壁面に漆喰を塗り,その上に描いたもので,仏教経典の広範な内容を主題とし,西方様式と中国様式の共存が認められる。また,石窟内に安置された塑造の仏像にもインド様式の影響が顕著にみられ,西方の作風が敦煌を経由して中国にもたらされたことが,明確に示されている。これらの膨大な文書や絵画をもとに「敦煌学」と呼ばれる新たな研究分野が生まれた。 1987年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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