Tonkori - Pork (English spelling) tonkori

Japanese: トンコリ - とんこり(英語表記)tonkori
Tonkori - Pork (English spelling) tonkori

A plucked stringed instrument of the zither family of the Sakhalin Ainu. Among the Hokkaido Ainu, it is called "ka" (strings). It has a thin soundboard attached to a wooden body hollowed out into a long, narrow boat shape, and a string storehouse attached to one end. It is about 120 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 5 cm thick. Two bridges are fixed to both ends of the soundboard, and five strings are stretched over it. There are various ways to tune it, but the basic tuning is to alternate between fifths and fourths, such as A 4 ―D 4 ―G 4 ―C 4 ―F 4. The player holds the instrument almost vertically, or diagonally with the string storehouse on the left shoulder, and plucks the strings with the fingers of both hands. The strings are not pressed to change pitch. It was believed that placing small glass beads inside the instrument would bring it to life, and it was once used to accompany singing and dancing during ceremonies, but most surviving instruments are solo pieces that imitate natural sounds or depict animals.

[Yoichi Yamada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

樺太(からふと)アイヌのチター属撥弦(はつげん)楽器。北海道アイヌの間では「カー」(弦)とよばれる。細長い舟形にくりぬいた木製胴に薄い響板を張り、一端に糸蔵を取り付けたもので、全長120センチメートル、幅10センチメートル、厚さ5センチメートル程度。2本のブリッジが響板の両端に固定され、5本の弦が張られる。調弦法はさまざまだが、A4―D4―G4―C4―F4のように、五度音程と四度音程とを交互にとるのが基本的である。奏者は、楽器をほぼ垂直か、あるいは糸蔵を左肩にのせて斜めに構え、両手指で弦をはじく。弦を押さえて音高を変えることはしない。楽器内に小さいガラス玉を入れることによって、楽器に生命が宿ると信じられており、かつては儀式の際の歌や踊りの伴奏に用いられていたが、現存するのは自然音の模倣や動物の描写などを行う独奏曲がほとんどである。

[山田陽一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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