Truman, Harry S.

Japanese: トルーマン（英語表記）Truman， Harry S.

Born May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri.
[Died] December 26, 1972. Kansas City, Missouri. American politician. 33rd President (in office 1945-53). Raised in a rural area of Missouri, he served in the army during World War I, became a Jackson County Court judge, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1934. He was elected vice president in 1944, and became president the following April upon the death of F. Roosevelt. During the difficult period following World War II, he clearly adopted an anti-communist stance, proclaimed the Truman Doctrine in 1947, promoted containment policies such as the Marshall Plan for European reconstruction and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Contrary to popular expectations, he won the 1948 presidential election, and demonstrated his commitment to a fair deal and social reform policies. However, he allowed the rise of McCarthyism against the backdrop of China's communist policies, and in 1950 he intervened militarily in the Korean War. He retired from office at the end of his term in 1952. He wrote Memoirs (1955-56).

Truman
Truman, David B.

Born June 1, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois
[Died] August 28, 2003, Sarasota, Florida. One of the leading political scientists in the American political science world after World War II. He served as a professor at Columbia University and president of the American Political Science Association. He succeeded A.F. Bentley in developing his work and established the theory of the political process. He produced results in behavioral and group-theoretic research on American political parties and pressure groups. He influenced subsequent theories of pluralist democracy. His main work was The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion (1951).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1884.5.8. ミズーリ，ラマー
[没]1972.12.26. ミズーリ，カンザスシティー
アメリカの政治家。第 33代大統領 (在任 1945～53) 。ミズーリ州の農村で育ち，第1次世界大戦に従軍後，ジャクソン郡裁判所判事となり，34年連邦上院議員に当選。 44年副大統領に選出され，翌年4月 F.ルーズベルトの死に伴い大統領に就任。第2次世界大戦後の困難な時期に反共路線を明確に打出し，47年トルーマン・ドクトリンを宣言，マーシャル・プランによるヨーロッパ復興援助や北大西洋条約機構 NATOの結成をはかるなど封じ込め政策 (→コンテインメント ) を推進した。 48年の大統領選挙戦で一般の予想に反して当選し，フェアディールを唱え社会改革政策に取組む姿勢を示した。しかし中国の共産主義化を背景にマッカーシズムの台頭を許し，50年には朝鮮戦争に武力介入した。 52年満期辞任。著書『回想録』 Memoirs (1955～56) 。

トルーマン
Truman， David B.

[生]1913.6.1. イリノイ，エバンストン
[没]2003.8.28. フロリダ，サラソータ
第2次世界大戦後のアメリカ政治学界の代表的政治学者の一人。コロンビア大学教授，アメリカ政治学会会長などを歴任。 A.F.ベントリーを発展的に継承し，政治過程論を確立した。アメリカの政党，圧力団体についての行動論的・集団理論的研究に成果を残す。以後の多元主義民主主義論に影響を与える。主著『政治過程論』 The Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion (1951) 。

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