Sandai Gokishochi - Sandai Gokishochi

Japanese: 三代御起請地 - さんだいごきしょうち

After the Hogen Rebellion, Emperor Goshirakawa issued the Hogen New System, which, based on the idea of the sovereign territory, made it clear that no manors could be established except by his own decree, and the Imperial Decrees of the Shirakawa and Toba Emperors were also based on this. This was later called the Sandai Gokishochi, and was used as the basis for the manors' claims for exemption from the national tax. Specifically, an imperial decree issued on July 4, 1193 (Kenkyu 4) ordering the levy of rice as labor fees for the reconstruction of Ise Nisho Grand Shrine once every 20 years and for the relocation of Usa Hachiman Shrine once every 33 years states, "Even if the land of shrines and temples has been granted by the Emperor Shirakawa, Toba, or Goshirakawa, these should be fulfilled equally regardless of whether they have previously served or not, and regardless of whether or not they have a written document." This is thought to be one of the earliest examples of land being raised as an issue regarding the granting of temporary miscellaneous duties to manors, and this decree has since often been cited when discussing the imposition or non-imposition of temporary miscellaneous duties on manors.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

保元の乱後，後白河天皇は保元新制を出し，王土思想の上に立って，自己の宣旨以外では荘園を立てえぬことを明示し，白河･鳥羽両院の院庁下文もこれに準ずるものとした。これをのち三代御起請地と称し，とくに一国平均役の免除を主張する荘園側の根拠とされた。具体的には1193年(建久4)7月4日に，伊勢二所大神宮の20年1度の造替役夫工料米および宇佐八幡の33年1度の遷宮用途の賦課を命じた宣旨のなかに，〈神社仏寺領已下，白河･鳥羽･後白河院等御起請を帯るといえども，先例の勤否に依らず，証文の有無を論ぜず，平均にこれを充催せ〉とあるのが，三代御起請地として問題とされるごく早い例と思われ，この宣旨はその後，荘園への臨時雑役の課･不課が論じられる際，しばしば引用されている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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