A general term for assistive devices for functional disorders of the limbs and trunk. Braces can also be translated as orthotics, and splints are also a type of orthotic. They are worn to prevent or correct deformations, control involuntary movements, support body weight, etc., and are often made of hard plastic. Depending on the part of the body they are worn on, they are broadly divided into upper limb orthotics, lower limb orthotics, and trunk orthotics. [Takashi Nagai] Upper limb orthosisThese include shoulder girdle, shoulder brace, upper arm brace, elbow brace, etc., but the most important is the hand brace, which includes the grasping brace, wrist brace, long arm brace, short arm brace, etc. Among these, simple and small braces are sometimes called splints. [Takashi Nagai] Lower limb orthosisThese assist the function of the lower limbs in supporting body weight and walking, and include long leg braces, short leg braces, and knee braces, and are used for walking training. [Takashi Nagai] Trunk braceIt is mainly used to prevent and correct spinal deformities, has rigid supports in both vertical and horizontal directions, and is worn around the torso. A corset has supports in only one direction, either vertical or horizontal. Depending on the part of the body it is worn on, it can be divided into cervical braces, thoracic and lumbar braces, lumbar braces, and lumbosacral braces. Cervical collars are often used as cervical braces, and those with traction devices are also used. [Takashi Nagai] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
四肢や体幹の機能障害に対する補助具の総称。ブレースbraceも装具と訳され、副子(ふくし)(副木)splintも装具の一種である。変形の防止や矯正、不随意運動のコントロール、体重の支持などの目的で装着され、材料としては硬性プラスチックを用いたものが多い。装着部位により、上肢装具、下肢装具、体幹装具に大別される。 [永井 隆] 上肢装具肩甲帯、肩装具、上腕装具、肘(ひじ)装具なども含まれるが、もっとも重要なものは手の装具で、把持装具、手関節用装具、長対立装具、短対立装具などがある。このうち、簡単で小さい装具を副子とよぶこともある。 [永井 隆] 下肢装具体重を支えて歩行する下肢の機能を助けるもので、長下肢装具、短下肢装具、膝(ひざ)装具などがあり、歩行訓練用に使われる。 [永井 隆] 体幹装具おもに脊椎(せきつい)の変形防止や矯正に用いられるもので、縦と横の二方向に硬性の支柱をもち、体幹を取り巻くように装着する。コルセットは縦か横かどちらか一方向だけに支柱があるものをいう。装着部位により、頸椎(けいつい)装具、胸腰椎装具、腰椎装具、腰仙椎装具などに分けられる。なお、頸椎装具としては頸椎カラーがよく使われており、牽引(けんいん)装置付きのものも用いられる。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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