The Tolteca culture dominated the central Mexican plateau and neighboring areas in the 10th to 12th centuries after the fall of the Teotihuacan culture. There are contradictions in pictorial documents and other historical traditions as to whether they constituted a single ethnic group, and there are differing theories among researchers. The center of the Toltec culture was the Tula ruins, but there are other ruins bearing the name Tula (Tula Xochicalco, Tula Teotenango, etc.), and it seems that after the fall of Teotihuacan, several ethnic groups established centers in various places and called themselves Toltec. All of them reached their peak in the 10th to 11th centuries, and then disappeared due to invasions by Chichimeca peoples from the north. Characteristic elements include worship of Quetzalcoatl, tripod-mounted painted pottery (Coyotlatelco style, Mazapan style), stepped pyramid-shaped platform, stone pillars, stone carvings called chacmol, large-scale human sacrifices, ball courts, and copperwork, and it is believed that metallurgy spread to the Mexican plateau during the Toltec culture. [Yoshio Onuki] [References] | |It is considered the center of the Toltec culture. The photo shows the stone pillars "Four Warriors" on the base B. Western suburb of Pachuca, Mexico ©Shogakukan "> Ruins of Tula Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
テオティワカン文化の滅亡後、10~12世紀にメキシコ中央高原とその隣接地方に覇を唱えたトルテカTolteca人の文化。彼らが一つの民族を構成していたかどうかについては絵文書その他の歴史伝承間に矛盾があり、研究者間でも異説がある。トルテカ文化の中心地はトゥーラ遺跡であるが、そのほかにもトゥーラの名を冠する遺跡(トゥーラ・ショチカルコ、トゥーラ・テオテナンゴなど)があり、テオティワカン滅亡後各地にいくつもの民族集団が中心地を築き、トルテカを自称したものらしい。いずれも10~11世紀が最盛期で、その後、北方からのチチメカ諸族の侵入により滅亡した。ケツァルコアトル信仰、三脚付き彩色土器(コヨトラテルコ式、マサパン式)、階段状ピラミッド形基壇、石柱、チャクモルとよぶ石彫、大規模な人身供儀(ひとみくぎ)、球戯場、銅細工などが特徴的要素で、冶金(やきん)術はトルテカ文化の時代にメキシコ高原に広まったと考えられている。 [大貫良夫] [参照項目] | |トルテカ文化の中心地とされる。写真は、基壇B上にある石柱「四人の戦士像」。メキシコ パチュカ西郊©Shogakukan"> トゥーラの遺跡 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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