A thin layer with a thickness of about the diameter of a molecule. When it exists at an interface and forms a film, it is called a monolayer. When a higher fatty acid or the like is dissolved in benzene and dropped onto a water surface, the molecules orient themselves with the hydrophilic groups facing the water side and the hydrophobic groups facing the air side, forming a monolayer. When alkanethiols are adsorbed onto the entire surface, a very dense monolayer is formed. Monolayers on water or solid surfaces reflect the unique molecular arrangement, making them important in the study of the structure and reactions of materials and interface phenomena. In microstructural technologies such as semiconductor lasers and integrated circuits, such monolayers are created using molecular beam epitaxy and used to improve the performance of functions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
厚さが分子の直径程度の薄い層。これが界面に存在し膜をつくっているときは,単分子膜という。高級脂肪酸などをベンゼンに溶かし水面上に滴下すると,親水基を水側に,疎水基を空気側に向けて分子が配向し,単分子膜をつくる。全表面上にアルカンチオールが吸着するとき,非常に緻密な単分子層ができる。水面上や固体面上の単分子膜は,分子配列の特殊性が反映しているため,物質の構造および反応,界面現象の研究上重要である。半導体レーザーや集積回路のような微細構造の技術では,分子線エピタクシー法でこのような単分子層をつくり,機能の高性能化に利用している。
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