Tranquilizer - tranquilizer (English spelling)

Japanese: トランキライザー - とらんきらいざー(英語表記)tranquilizer
Tranquilizer - tranquilizer (English spelling)

They are also called sedatives or tranquilizers. They are a type of psychotropic drug. While conventional sedatives act on the cerebral cortex, tranquilizers act on the subcortical area and have a sedative effect. They are divided into major tranquilizers and minor tranquilizers based on the strength of their effect.

[Fumiji Koho]

Major Tranquilizer

They are used as psychotropic drugs to treat mental illnesses and are also called antipsychotics or neuroleptics. They include phenothiazine drugs such as chlorpromazine hydrochloride, and pthyrophenone drugs such as haloperidol, and are used for schizophrenia, artificial hibernation, mania, anxiety, tension, nausea, vomiting in neurosis, and as preanesthetic medication.

[Fumiji Koho]

Minor Tranquilizers

Also called anxiolytics, they are so-called tranquilizers, and are used not only for anxiety, tension, and depression associated with neurosis, but also for phobias and neurasthenia. They are also used in combination with the treatment of peptic ulcers. The main drugs are benzodiazepines, starting with chlordiazepoxide, and they have almost no hypnotic effect, so they are effective for so-called vague complaints. After chlordiazepoxide, there are diazepam, oxazepam, promazepam, medazepam, lorazepam, cloxazolam, oxazolam, clotiazem, fludiazepam, prazepam, flutazolam, mexazolam, and alprazolam. Nitrazepam, which has a strong hypnotic effect among benzodiazepines, is used as a sleeping pill and antiepileptic drug, but is not a tranquilizer. Hydroxyzine, which has a different chemical structure, is also often used as a minor tranquilizer. Meprobamate is no longer used because it is addictive. In general, when people say "tranquilizer," they are mainly referring to minor tranquilizers.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Psychotropic drugs

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

静穏薬、精神安定剤ともいう。向精神薬の一種で、従来の鎮静薬が大脳皮質に作用するのに対し、皮質下領域に作用して静穏作用を示す薬物がトランキライザーである。作用の強さからメジャートランキライザーとマイナートランキライザーに分けられる。

[幸保文治]

メジャートランキライザー

精神神経用薬として精神病の治療に用いられ、抗精神病薬あるいは神経遮断薬ともよばれる。塩酸クロルプロマジンをはじめとするフェノチアジン系の薬物、ハロペリドールを代表とするプチロフェノン系薬物などがあり、統合失調症、人工冬眠、そう病、神経症における不安、緊張、悪心(おしん)、嘔吐(おうと)などに用いられ、また麻酔前投薬にも用いられる。

[幸保文治]

マイナートランキライザー

抗不安剤ともいい、いわゆる精神安定剤で、神経症に伴う不安、緊張、抑うつのみならず、恐怖症、神経衰弱にも用いられる。また、消化性潰瘍(かいよう)の治療にも併用されている。クロルジアゼポキシドから始まるベンゾジアゼピン系薬物が中心で、催眠作用はほとんどみられず、いわゆる不定愁訴に有効である。クロルジアゼポキシドに次いでジアゼパム、オキサゼパム、プロマゼパム、メダゼパム、ロラゼパム、クロキサゾラム、オキサゾラム、クロチアゼム、フルジアゼパム、プラゼパム、フルタゾラム、メキサゾラム、アルプラゾラムなどがある。ベンゾジアゼピン系でも催眠作用の強いニトラゼパムなどは睡眠薬や抗てんかん剤として用いられているが、トランキライザーではない。そのほか、化学構造の異なるヒドロキシジンもマイナートランキライザーでよく用いられている。メプロバメートは依存性のあることから使用されなくなった。なお、一般にトランキライザーといえば、おもにこのマイナートランキライザーをさす。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 向精神薬

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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