A Proto-Malay ethnic group living in the central part of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Toraja means mountain people or inland people. Culturally, they are divided into three groups, West Toraja, East Toraja, and South Toraja, with a total population estimated at about 600,000. West and East Toraja traditionally cultivated upland rice by slash-and-burn cultivation, while South Toraja cultivated wet rice, and today the area is widely cultivated with paddy fields. They are generally of bilineal descent, with endogamy and matrilocal residence. Social organization was divided into four classes in South Toraja: royalty, nobility, commoners, and slaves, while West Toraja consisted of three classes excluding royalty. Headhunting was once popular. Each village had strong autonomy, but in South Toraja, several villages were formed into associations. Religion was centered on ancestor worship, and in East Toraja, the custom of bone washing was seen. The Toraja call funeral ceremonies "Western ceremonies," and harvest ceremonies and ceremonies for praying for social welfare "Eastern ceremonies." About 80% of the Toraja have accepted Christianity, but still retain many elements of traditional religions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インドネシア領スラウェシ島中部に住むプロト・マレー系の民族。トラジャは山の人,奥地人の意。文化的に西トラジャ,東トラジャ,南トラジャの3集団に分けられ,総人口約 60万余と推定される。西・東トラジャは伝統的に焼畑による陸稲耕作民であるのに対し,南トラジャは水稲を栽培し,今日では広く水田が開かれている。出自は一般に双系をたどり,族内婚で妻方居住制である。社会組織は,南トラジャは王族,貴族,平民,奴隷の4階層に分れていたが,西トラジャは王族を除く3階層から成っていた。かつては首狩りが盛んであった。各村の自律性が強いが,南トラジャではいくつかの村の連合体がつくられていた。宗教は祖先崇拝を中心としており,東トラジャには洗骨の習慣がみられた。トラジャ族は葬儀に関する儀礼を「西の儀礼」と呼び,収穫儀礼や社会福祉の祈願儀礼を「東の儀礼」と呼んでいる。約 80%がキリスト教を受容したが,まだ伝統宗教の要素を多く残している。
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