Koginosho

Japanese: 近木荘 - こぎのしょう

This manor was established in Kogi-go (Kogi-go), Hinegun, Izumi Province, as the domain of Nibu Myojinja (Nibutohime Shrine), the guardian deity of Kongobu-ji Temple on Mount Koya. It occupies the lower reaches of the Kogi River in what is now Kaizuka City, Osaka Prefecture. In 1281, during the second Mongol invasion, Nibu Myojinja performed a prayer for subjugation, and in 1284 the shogunate donated the land stewardship of Kogi-go, which was a provincial government territory, to the shrine. In 1290, the Imperial Court also donated a kunikata (local government territory) by imperial decree, and Kogi-sho was established. In response, Makio-ji Temple (present-day Sefukuji Temple in Izumi City, Osaka Prefecture) claimed to be a kokugata (national lord), but in 1292, an imperial edict confirmed that Nyuumyojin Shrine was the lord of the land, and in the same year, Koyasan carried out a general inspection of the Chigi Manor. According to the inventory of the land at that time, the total number of fields in the Chigi Manor was over 227 cho, of which 213 cho were currently cultivated fields, making it a vast estate. However, among the currently cultivated fields, miscellaneous exemption fields and paid fields amounted to over 172 cho, and the control of the central government offices, the imperial court, the regent family, Kasuga Shrine in Nara (Kasuga Taisha), and others was intricately intertwined, so in reality it was far from being under the control of the entire manor of Koyasan. The main miscellaneous tax-exempt fields and fields provided included 34 cho plus Meshitsugi land, 11 cho plus Meshitsugi land, 7 cho plus In no mikoshizukuri land, 34 cho plus Konoedono mikoshizukuri land, 3 cho plus Gosui land, 13 cho plus Naizen land, and 35 cho plus Ooutadokoro tosho land. This area had a temporary palace used by the retired emperor on his pilgrimage to Kumano, and it is thought that the Meshitsugi land was used for various expenses such as the construction, repair, and maintenance of the temporary palace, as well as food for the entourage. The In no mikoshizukuri land, Konoedono mikoshizukuri land, and Gosui land were provided to donors for the supplies of combs, which were a local specialty of this area since ancient times, and for offerings to Izumisunoin, the regent family, and the state. The Naizenkyu was a field provided to the attendants of the Abiko kitchen of the Naizenshiryo, and the Outadokoro Jusei Zomen was a field provided with miscellaneous allowances for the Jusei belonging to the Outadokoro, the training school for musicians who served in the Imperial Court rituals. Before the establishment of the manor, Chikigo was made up of four ban. The ban functioned as a unit for administration and tax collection, and each ban had a person in charge, a Tone (chief priest) and a Banto (head priest), who were in charge of managing the land and collecting taxes. The Tone and Banto were appointed from powerful local lords, and they had deep-rooted control, and the Banto system was continued even after the establishment of the manor and maintained until the Muromachi period. Throughout the Nanboku-cho and Muromachi periods, Mount Koya aimed to control the entire area of the manor, and by the end of the 14th century it had almost completely severed the direct relationship between the powerful families (kenmon) and the residents (yoriudo). At the same time, it changed the method of collecting annual taxes, which had previously been contracted out to the headman on a myo basis, to direct collection by Mount Koya. In particular, from 1421 to 1426, it carried out annual inspections, registered and grasped the direct payers of annual taxes for each plot, and completed the control of the entire manor. However, during the Sengoku period, Negoro-ji Temple and Kokawa-ji Temple in Kii began to accumulate land, and the influence of the armed Negoro-ji Temple spread, and the headman class became subordinate to it, and by the middle of the 16th century, the control of Nyumyoji Shrine and Kongobu-ji Temple had become mere name.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

和泉国日根郡近義(こぎ)郷（近木郷）に成立した高野(こうや)山金剛峯(こんごうぶ)寺鎮守丹生(にう)明神社（丹生都比売神社）領の荘園。現大阪府貝塚市の近木川下流域を占める。1281年２度目のモンゴル襲来の際，丹生明神社が調伏(じょうぶく)の祈裳をした功により，1284年幕府は国衙(こくが)領であった近木郷の地頭分を同社に寄進，また朝廷も1290年院宣(いんぜん)をもって〈国方〉（領家分）を寄進して近木荘が成立。これに対し巻尾(まきお)寺（現大阪府和泉市の施福寺）が〈国方〉での知行を主張したが，1292年院宣によって丹生明神社を一円領主とすることが確認され，同年高野山は近木荘の惣検注を実施した。この時の検田目録によると近木荘の総田数は227町余，うち現作田213町余という広大な荘園であったが，現作田のなかの雑免(ぞうめん)田・給田などは172町余に達しており，中央官衙や院・摂関家・奈良春日社（春日大社）などの支配が複雑に入込み，内実は高野山の一円支配というには遠いものであった。雑免田・給田のおもなものに，召次(めしつぎ)給34町余・召次雑免11町・院御櫛造給７町・近衛殿御櫛造雑免34町・御酢免３町・内膳(ないぜん)給13町余・大歌所(おおうたどころ)十生(としょう)雑免35町などがある。当地には上皇の熊野詣の際に用いる行宮(あんぐう)があり，召次給は行宮の新造や修理，維持，あるいは一行の食事などの諸費用に充てられていたものと考えられる。院御櫛造給・近衛殿御櫛造雑免や御酢免は，古来当地方の特産であった近木櫛や和泉酢の院・摂関家・国家への供進による供御(くご)人給田である。内膳給は内膳司領網曳(あびこ)御厨の供御人給田，大歌所十生雑免は宮中祭祀に勤仕する楽人の教習所〈大歌所〉所属の〈十生〉に対する雑免田である。立荘前の近木郷は四つの番から構成されていた。番は行政上・年貢徴収上の単位として機能し，各番には責任者である刀禰(とね)・番頭(ばんとう)がおり，下地管理や徴税を担当した。刀禰・番頭には在地の有力土豪層が任命され，根強い支配力をもち，立荘後も番頭制は引き継がれて室町時代まで維持された。南北朝・室町時代を通じて高野山は荘内の一円掌握を目指し，14世紀末近くには権門(けんもん)と寄人(よりうど)の直接的関係をほぼ断ち切り，同時にこれまで名(みょう)単位に名主に請け負わせていた年貢収取の方式を，高野山の直接収取に変えていった。とくに1421年から1426年にかけては毎年検注を実施し，一筆ごとに年貢直納者を登録，把握し，一円領有を完成させた。しかし戦国期になると紀伊の根来(ねごろ)寺や粉河(こかわ)寺が土地集積に乗り出し，また武装化した根来寺の勢力が浸透して名主層はその配下となり，16世紀の半ばころには丹生明神社・金剛峯寺の支配は有名無実となった。
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