Toller

Japanese: トラー

German playwright and poet. Born into a Jewish merchant family. While studying at the University of Grenoble, he served in World War I and became a wounded soldier. His horrific experiences of war made him an ardent pacifist. After returning home, he studied at the University of Heidelberg, but met K. Eisner and joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 1918, he led a general strike by munitions factory workers in Munich and was arrested, but the play he completed in prison, The Metamorphosis (1919), premiered in Berlin to great acclaim, and he established his reputation as one of the leading writers of Expressionism. After his release from prison, he formed a revolutionary government as a member of the Bavarian Workers' and Peasants' Soldiers' Council (Workers' and Peasants' Räte) led by Eisner, but it was overthrown, and he was arrested again and sentenced to imprisonment. After his release from prison, he gained acclaim for his Neue Sachs works, which made full use of cinematic and reportage techniques, such as "He's Alive" (1927) and "Turn Off the Boilers" (1930). When the Nazis came to power, he fled to the United States, where he continued to create works while also working to support the Spanish Popular Front government, but committed suicide in New York in 1939.
→ Related topics Expressionism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ドイツの劇作家，詩人。ユダヤ系の商家に生まれる。グルノーブル大学在学中に第１次世界大戦に従軍し，傷病兵となり，戦争の悲惨な体験から熱烈な平和主義者となった。帰還してハイデルベルク大学に学んだが，K.アイスナーと出会い，ドイツ独立社会民主党に入党した。ミュンヘンで，1918年に軍需工場労働者のゼネストを指導し逮捕されるが，獄中で完成した戯曲《転身》（1919年）がベルリンで初演され好評を得，表現主義を代表する作家の一人として評価を確立した。出獄して，アイスナーの指導するバイエルン労農兵評議会（労兵レーテ）の一員として革命政府をつくるが，打倒され，再び逮捕されて禁錮刑を受ける。再出獄後，《どっこい，生きている》（1927年），《ボイラーの火を消せ》（1930年）など，映画的手法やルポルタージュ的技法を駆使した，新即物主義的な作品で評価を高めた。ナチスが政権を取ると米国に亡命，創作を続けるかたわらスペイン人民戦線政府の支援活動などに従事したが，1939年ニューヨークで自殺。
→関連項目表現主義

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