de Moivre's theorem

Japanese: ド・モアブルの定理 - ドモアブルのていり(英語表記)de Moivre’s theorem
de Moivre's theorem
When n is any integer (it can be positive, negative, or even 0), (cosθ+ i sinθ) n =cos n θ+ i sin n θ holds. This is called de Moivre's theorem, and is one of the fundamental theorems that link complex numbers and trigonometric functions. Using this, we can find the nth root of any complex number a ( n is a natural number), that is, z for which z n = a , as follows. If a = 0, then z = 0, so if we set a ≠ 0, it can be expressed as a = r (cosθ+ i sinθ)( r >0). Therefore, if we set z = R (cosφ+ i sinφ) ( R >0), then z n = R n (cos n φ+ i sin n φ), and so by finding R and φ for which z n = a , we get:

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
nを任意の整数(正でも負でもよいし0でもよい)とするとき, (cosθ+isinθ)n=cosnθ+isinnθが成立する。これをド・モアブルの定理といい,複素数と三角関数とを結ぶ基本定理の一つである。これを用いると任意の複素数an乗根(nは自然数),すなわちznaとなるzが次のようにして求められる。a=0ならばz=0だからa≠0とすると,ar(cosθ+isinθ)(r>0)と表される。そこで, zR(cosφ+isinφ) (R>0) とおくと,znRn(cosnφ+isinnφ)となるから,znaとなるR,φを求めると,を得る。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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