When n is any integer (it can be positive, negative, or even 0), (cosθ+ i sinθ) n =cos n θ+ i sin n θ holds. This is called de Moivre's theorem, and is one of the fundamental theorems that link complex numbers and trigonometric functions. Using this, we can find the nth root of any complex number a ( n is a natural number), that is, z for which z n = a , as follows. If a = 0, then z = 0, so if we set a ≠ 0, it can be expressed as a = r (cosθ+ i sinθ)( r >0). Therefore, if we set z = R (cosφ+ i sinφ) ( R >0), then z n = R n (cos n φ+ i sin n φ), and so by finding R and φ for which z n = a , we get: Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
nを任意の整数(正でも負でもよいし0でもよい)とするとき, (cosθ+isinθ)n=cosnθ+isinnθが成立する。これをド・モアブルの定理といい,複素数と三角関数とを結ぶ基本定理の一つである。これを用いると任意の複素数aのn乗根(nは自然数),すなわちzn=aとなるzが次のようにして求められる。a=0ならばz=0だからa≠0とすると,a=r(cosθ+isinθ)(r>0)と表される。そこで, z=R(cosφ+isinφ) (R>0) とおくと,zn=Rn(cosnφ+isinnφ)となるから,zn=aとなるR,φを求めると,を得る。
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