(1) A group of soils with a common origin and formation process. It is the basic unit of soil classification systematized by Vasily V. Dokuchaev of Russia in 1886. In the Soviet Union, 110 soil types were recognized. Each soil type is composed of a combination of unique biological, climatic and hydrological conditions (→ Hydrology). It roughly corresponds to the soil suborders of the soil classification in the United States ("Soil Taxonomy", 1975). The main soil types in the world are tundra soils, podzols, brown forest soils, yellow earths, red earths, laterites, rangenas, chernozems, chestnut earths, regurs, desert soils, and alkaline soils. (2) A subdivision of a soil series, mainly by soil type. A lower category in the early American soil classification (Curtis Fletcher Marbut, 1927). In Japan, the term "soil zone" is used to distinguish it from (1). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) 共通の起源と生成過程を有する土壌の一群。1886年ロシアのワシリー・V.ドクチャーエフによって体系づけられた土壌分類の基本単位で,ソビエト連邦では 110の土壌型が認められた。各土壌型はそれぞれ固有の生物・気候条件と水文学的条件との組み合わせからなっている(→水文学)。アメリカ合衆国における土壌分類("Soil Taxonomy",1975)の土壌亜目にほぼ相当する。世界の主要土壌型にはツンドラ土,ポドゾル,褐色森林土,黄色土,赤色土,ラテライト,レンジナ,チェルノゼム,栗色土,レグール,砂漠土,アルカリ土などがある。 (2) 土壌統 soil seriesを,主として土性によって細分したもの。アメリカの初期の土壌分類(1927,カーティス・フレッチャー・マーバットによる)における低位のカテゴリー。(1)と区別するために日本では「土壌区」の訳語が使用されている。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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