This law was enacted on October 21, 1878 in Germany with the aim of suppressing the socialist movement. Bismarck, who had long been hostile to the socialist movement, used the incident of the shooting of the Kaiser that same year as an excuse to enact this law with the cooperation of parliament. This law prohibited associations, meetings, publications, and collection of donations that attempted to overthrow the state or social order through "social democratic, socialist, or communist activities," and also stipulated the imposition of partial martial law in certain areas and restrictions on the place of residence of violators, dealing a major blow to the socialist movement, and in the 10 years since the law was enacted, 1,299 publications and 332 organizations were banned. However, since it was not possible to deprive socialists of the right to run for office, the German Socialist Workers' Party expanded its influence through underground activities, and in the February 1990 election it won 1.42 million votes and 35 seats. Bismarck then tried to strengthen the law, but in January 1890, parliament rejected a vote to extend the law's validity, causing it to expire in September, which was one of the reasons for Bismarck's resignation. [Toshio Matsu] "History of the German Socialist Movement" by Fricke, translated by Nishio Takaaki (1973, Renga Shobo) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1878年10月21日、ドイツで社会主義運動の弾圧を目的に公布された法律。かねて社会主義運動を敵視していたビスマルクは、同年、皇帝狙撃(そげき)事件が起こると、これを口実に議会の協力を得て同法を制定した。この法律は、「社会民主主義、社会主義もしくは共産主義的な活動」によって国家、社会秩序の転覆を図ろうとする結社、集会、印刷物、寄付金の徴集などを禁止したほか、特定地域の部分的戒厳令の施行、違反者の居住地制限などを規定していたので、社会主義運動は大きな打撃を受け、同法施行後の10年間に、1299の印刷物、332の団体が禁止された。しかし社会主義者の被選挙権を奪うことはできなかったから、ドイツ社会主義労働者党は地下活動によって党勢を拡大、90年2月の選挙では142万票、35議席を獲得した。そこでビスマルクは同法の強化を図ろうとしたが、議会が90年1月、同法の有効期限の延長を否決したため、同法は9月失効し、ビスマルク退陣の一因をつくった。 [松 俊夫] 『フリッケ著、西尾孝明訳『ドイツ社会主義運動史』(1973・れんが書房)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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