...And a strict separation of powers was adopted with the intention of suppressing the voice of the people expressed in the House of Representatives. In theory, J. Madison, one of the drafters of the Federal Constitution, argued that government by representatives, as opposed to a pure democracy composed of a small population of people who all assemble and govern themselves, has the ability to encompass a vast territory, which is the federal system, and the possibility of procuring better rulers, and that only by doing so would partisan divisions within the country be overcome. He called this position republicanism. Here, Madison questioned two fundamental difficulties in modern democratic theory: the feasibility of democracy in a large society and the ability of the people to govern themselves. Following tradition, he declared this impossible and instead advocated government by a better elected minority. This concept of government was the representative theory that Aristotle once considered to be a characteristic of aristocracy and that E. Burke, the guru of modern conservatism, advocated in the same era. *Some explanations of terms that mention "republicanism" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そして,下院に表明される民衆の発言力を抑制する意図で,厳密な三権分立制がとられた。理論においても,連邦憲法起草者の一人J.マディソンは,〈人口数の少ない人民によって構成され,全員がみずから集会し統治する純粋民主制〉に対して,〈代表〉による統治のほうが,連邦という,広大な領域を包含する能力と,より優れた統治者を調達する可能性をもち,それによってのみ国内の党派的分裂は克服されるであろうと主張し,そうした彼の立場を共和主義republicanismと呼んだ。ここでマディソンは,大規模社会における民主主義の実現可能性と民衆の自治能力という,近代民主主義理論にとって根本的な二つの困難を問い,伝統に従ってそれを不可能として,代りに,選挙されたより良き少数者による統治を主張したわけであるが,こうした統治の概念は,かつてアリストテレスが貴族制の特質とし,同時代においても近代保守主義の教祖E.バークが主張した代表理論であった。… ※「republicanism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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