Chelyabinsk (English spelling) Челябинск/Chelyabinsk

Japanese: チェリャビンスク - ちぇりゃびんすく(英語表記)Челябинск/Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk (English spelling) Челябинск/Chelyabinsk

A large industrial city in the Urals, central Russia. The capital of Chelyabinsk Oblast. It is said to be number one in the Urals in terms of the number of industrial workers and production value. Population 1,086,300 (1999). A fortress was built in 1736 on the banks of the Miass River at the southeastern foot of the Ural Mountains, and this is where the city's history began. The city began to develop after the railway was opened in 1892, and it developed as a stopover point for Siberian immigrants and the nearest railway hub to various factories in the central Urals, and agricultural product processing factories also began to be located there.

After the Russian Revolution (1917), the Goelro Plan (1920) built a thermal power plant using lignite from the surrounding area, and later zinc and alloy manufacturing plants were established. During World War II, the ferrometallurgical industry developed with factories evacuated from Lipetsk and Elektrostal in the west, and the city became a major steel production center in the Urals. Currently, the city is known for producing large-diameter steel pipes for oil and natural gas pipelines. Coal and iron ore are mainly imported from Kazakhstan. The mechanical industry using steel also developed, mainly tractors and watchmaking. In addition, light industry and food manufacturing are seen to meet the needs of the citizens. Educational and cultural facilities include universities of agricultural machinery and technology, electrical engineering, engineering, medicine, and education, as well as museums and various theaters. It is also a transportation hub in the southern Urals, a junction for railways and highways connecting western and eastern Russia and Kazakhstan, and it also has an airport.

[Taizo Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシア連邦中部、ウラルにある大工業都市。チェリャビンスク州の州都。工業労働者数、生産額でウラル第一といわれる。人口108万6300(1999)。ウラル山脈南東麓(ろく)、ミアス川の河岸に1736年要塞(ようさい)が築かれ、これを起源に市の歴史が始まった。市が発展するのは1892年に鉄道が開通してからで、シベリア移民の中継地、中部ウラルにある諸工場の最寄りの鉄道要地として発展し、農産物加工工場も立地するようになった。

 工業発展はロシア革命(1917)後で、ゴエルロ・プランплан ГОЭЛРО/plan GOELRO(ロシア電化国家委員会計画、1920)により近郊の褐炭を利用する火力発電所が建設され、以後、亜鉛、合金製造工場がつくられた。また、第二次世界大戦中、西部のリペツク、エレクトロスターリからの疎開工場により鉄冶金(やきん)工業が発展し、ウラルの大鉄鋼生産地になった。現在は大口径の石油と天然ガスのパイプライン用鋼管の生産で著名である。石炭および鉄鉱石は、おもにカザフスタンから輸入している。また、鉄鋼を利用する機械工業が発展し、そのおもなものはトラクターと時計製造工業である。そのほか、市民の需要にこたえる軽工業や食品工業がみられる。教育・文化施設としては、農業機械・技術、電気、工科、医科、教育の各大学、博物館、各種劇場がある。ウラル南部の交通要地でもあり、ロシア西部と東部、およびカザフスタンを結ぶ鉄道、自動車道の分岐点で、空港もある。

[中村泰三]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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