Tozama Daimyo - Tozama Daimyo

One of the daimyo classifications in the Edo period. The term "tozama" was used among samurai from the Kamakura period onwards, and daimyo who paid tribute to the Tokugawa clan regardless of their vassal status were called "tozama-shu". In the Edo period, it referred to old clan daimyo or Azuchi-Momoyama daimyo who newly belonged to the Tokugawa clan after the Battle of Sekigahara. There were many large daimyo, such as the Maeda clan (Kanazawa domain) with 1.02 million koku, the Shimazu clan (Kagoshima domain) with 720,000 koku, and the Date clan (Sendai domain) with 620,000 koku. As a result, they became the target of the Shogunate's greatest vigilance, and while they were appeased through marriages and surnames, their financial resources were wasted through alternate attendance and deputy mayors for construction work, or they were eliminated or moved to border areas through demotion and transfer of domains. Many of the outside daimyo's territories were one-yen fiefs, and in the domain government reforms from the mid-Meiji period onwards, they succeeded in controlling industry within their domains, which, combined with enriching the country and strengthening the military, became a driving force behind the Meiji Restoration.

[Fujino Tamotsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代における大名類別の一つ。外様の呼称は、鎌倉時代以降武士の間に用いられ、譜代(ふだい)の関係なく臣礼をとる大名を外様衆と称した。江戸時代においては、旧族大名や織豊(しょくほう)大名で、関ヶ原の戦い以降、新しく徳川氏に帰属した大名をいう。前田氏（金沢藩）の102万石、島津氏（鹿児島藩）の72万石、伊達(だて)氏（仙台藩）の62万石など大大名が多い。そのため、幕府のもっとも警戒するところとなり、婚姻や賜姓によって懐柔する一方、参勤交代や普請(ふしん)の助役(すけやく)によって、その財力を消耗し、あるいは改易(かいえき)・転封(てんぽう)によって、取潰(とりつぶ)し、または辺境地帯に移した。外様大名の所領は一円知行(いちえんちぎょう)が多く、中期以降の藩政改革において、領内の産業統制に成功し、富国強兵と相まって明治維新の推進力となった。

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