Outsider - Tozama

Japanese: 外様 - とざま

A samurai family that has a relationship of lord and servant, but not of fudai. This term has been used since the Middle Ages, and in the Kamakura period, vassals other than the Hojo Tokuso were called miuchibito, whereas they were called tozama. In the Muromachi Shogunate, it came to refer to family status, and was used in the Edo Shogunate as well. The daimyo who paid tribute to the Tokugawa clan around the time of the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 were called tozama or omote, and were distinguished from the fudai daimyo who had been vassals to the Tokugawa clan since Mikawa. Many of the tozama daimyo were powerful daimyo such as the Maeda of Kaga, the Shimazu of Satsuma, and the Mori of Choshu, and although they did not number as many as the fudai daimyo, there were 117 of them at the end of the Edo period. Although they had larger rice yields than the fudai daimyo, they were often given fiefs far from Edo, and were viewed as enemy countries by the shogunate.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

譜代の関係をもたないで主従関係を結ぶ武家。中世以来使用されている言葉で，鎌倉時代には北条氏得宗 (とくそう) 以外の御家人を御内人 (みうちびと) と呼ぶのに対して，外様と呼んだ。室町幕府では家格をさすものとなり，江戸幕府でも同様に使われた。慶長5 (1600) 年の関ヶ原の戦い前後に徳川氏に臣礼をとった大名が外様もしくは表 (おもて) といわれ，三河以来徳川氏に臣属していた譜代大名と区別された。外様大名は加賀の前田，薩摩の島津，長州の毛利などの有力な大名が多く，数では譜代大名に及ばなかったが，幕末には 117家であった。譜代大名に比して石高は大きかったが，江戸からは遠距離の地に封じられることが多く，幕府には敵国視された。

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